凯伯国际贸易第一章英文课件)

The International Economyand Globalization 2011 Cengage Learning.All Rights Reserved.May not be copied,scanned,or duplicated,in whole or in part,except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use1PowerPoint slides prepared by:Andreea ChiritescuEastern Illinois UniversityThe International EconomyHigh degree of economic interdependenceNo nation exists in economic isolationAll aspects of a nations economy are linked to the economies of its trading partnersReflects the historical evolution of the worlds economic and political orderComplex and its effects uneven 2011 Cengage Learning.All Rights Reserved.May not be copied,scanned,or duplicated,in whole or in part,except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use2The International EconomyHigh degree of economic interdependenceSteps toward international cooperationMutually advantageous for trading nationsSpecialization,efficiencies of large scale productionWider variety of products at lower costProtectionist pressures Developing nationsLiberalized trading system serves to keep the developing nations in poverty 2011 Cengage Learning.All Rights Reserved.May not be copied,scanned,or duplicated,in whole or in part,except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use3Globalization of Economic ActivityGlobalization Greater interdependenceCountries and their citizensInternational flows Goods and servicesPeopleInvestments in equipment,factories,stocks,bondsNoneconomic elementsCulture and the environment 2011 Cengage Learning.All Rights Reserved.May not be copied,scanned,or duplicated,in whole or in part,except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use4Globalization of Economic ActivityWhat forces are driving globalization?Technological changeMultilateral trade negotiationsContinuing liberalization of trade and investmentWidespread liberalization of investment transactionsDevelopment of international financial markets 2011 Cengage Learning.All Rights Reserved.May not be copied,scanned,or duplicated,in whole or in part,except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use5Waves of GlobalizationFirst Wave of Globalization:18701914Decreases in tariff barriers&new technologiesDeclining transportation costsShift from sail to steamships;RailwaysDriven by European and American businesses and individuals 2011 Cengage Learning.All Rights Reserved.May not be copied,scanned,or duplicated,in whole or in part,except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use6Waves of GlobalizationFirst Wave of Globalization:18701914Exports as a share of world incomeNearly doubled to 8%Per capita incomes increased 1.3%per yearPrevious 50 years:0.5%per yearCountries that actively participated in globalizationBecame the richest countries in the worldBrought to an end by World War I 2011 Cengage Learning.All Rights Reserved.May not be copied,scanned,or duplicated,in whole or in part,except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use7Waves of GlobalizationGreat Depression of the 1930sGovernments protectionismTariffs on importsTry to shift demand into domestic marketsPromote sales for domestic companiesPromote jobs for domestic workersExports as a share of national incomeFalls to 5%2011 Cengage Learning.All Rights Reserved.May not be copied,scanned,or duplicated,in whole or in part,except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use8Waves of GlobalizationSecond Wave of Globalization:19451980Horrors of the retreat into nationalismFalling transportation costsDecrease previously established trade barriersTrade liberalization discrimination Which countries participatedWhich products were included 2011 Cengage Learning.All Rights Reserved.May not be copied,scanned,or duplicated,in whole or in part,except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use9Waves of GlobalizationTrade liberalization discrimination Developed countries,manufactured goodsLargely freed of barriersGreatly increased the exchange of manufactured goodsRaise the incomes of developed countries Developing countriesEliminate barriers only for those agricultural products that did not compete with agriculture in developed countriesManufactured goods sizable barriers 2011 Cengage Learning.All