2022年-2023年考研英语一真题及答案

2022年考研英语一真题Section I Use ofEnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numberedblank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Trust is a tricky business.On the one hand,its a necessary c o n d it i o n(1)many worthwhile things:child care,friendships,etc.On the other hand,putting your(2)in the wrong place often carries a h i g h(3).(4),why do we trust at all?Well,because it feels g o o d.(5)peopleplace their trust in an individual or an institution,their brains release oxytocin,ahormone that_(6)pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that leadssheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to(7)with oneanother.Swiss Scientists have found that e x p o s u r e(8)this hormone puts us in at r u s t i n g(9):In a study,researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half thesubjects;those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money tostrangers than were t h e i r(10)who inhaled something else.(11)for us,we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that ma y(12)us.A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate(13)a credible person and a dishonest one.Sixty toddlers were e a c h(14)to an adult tester holding a plastic container.The tester would ask,Whats in here?before looking into the container,smiling,and exclaiming,tWow!Each subject wasthen invited to l ook(15).Half of them found a toy;the other half(16)the container was empty-and realized the tester had(17)them.Among the children who had not been tricked,the majority we r e(18)tocooperate with the tester in learning a new skill,demonstrating that they trusted hisle a d e r s h ip.(19),only five of the 30 children paired with the(20)ntesterparticipated in a follow-up activity.1.A.on B.like C.for D.from2.A.faith B.concern C.attention D.interest3.A.benefit B.debt C.hope D.price4.A.Therefore B.Then C.Instead D.Again5.A.Until B.Unless C.Although D.When6.A.selects B.produces C.applies D.maintains7.A.consult B.compete C.connect D.compare8.A.at B.by C.of D.to9.A.context B.mood C.period D.circle10.A.counterparts B.substitutes C.colleagues D.supporters11.A.Funny B.Lucky C.Odd D.Ironic12.A.monitor B.protect C.surprise D.delight13.A.between B.within C.toward D.over14.A.transferred B.added C.introduced D.entrusted15.A.out B.back C.around D.inside16.A.discovered B.proved C.insisted D.remembered17.A.betrayed B.wronged C.fooled D.mocked18.A.forced B.willing C.hesitant D.entitled19.A.In contrast B.As a result C.On the whole D.For instance20.A.inflexible B.incapable C.unreliable D.UnsuitableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text bychoosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWERSHEET.（40points）Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probablygo unmentioned in the next presidential campaign:What happens when the robotscome for theirjobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely.About half ofU.S.jobs are at high risk ofbeing automated,according to a University of Oxford study,with the middle classdisproportionately squeezed.Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dontappeal to robots.But many middle-class occupations-trucking,financial advice,software engineering-have aroused their interest,or soon will.The rich own therobots,so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist.Optimists point out that technological upheaval hasbenefited workers in the past.The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Ludditeswhose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms,but it eventually raised livingstandards and created more jobs than it destroyed.Likewise,automation shouldeventually boost productivity,stimulate demand by driving down prices,and freeworkers from hard,boring work.But in the medium term,middle-class workers mayneed a lot of help adjusting.The first step,as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The SecondMachine Age,should be rethinking education and job training.Curriculums-fromgrammar school to college-should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and moreon creativity and complex communication.V ocational schools should do a better jobof fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots.Online education can supplement the traditional kind.It could make extra training andinstruction affordable.Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do sowithout going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S.torevive its fading business dynamism:Starting new companies must be made easier.Inprevious eras of drastic technological change,entrepreneurs smoothed the transitionby dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines.The bestuses of3D printersand virtual reality havent been invented yet.The U.S.needs the new companies thatwill invent them.Finally,because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital incomeand labor income,taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought