初高中英语衔接教1

初高中英语衔接教材青州六中张金柱句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I i n Miss Greet（我是格林小姐）2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做（什么），主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day.（杰克每天打扫房间）3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什区;或者”怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Pingping.（我的名字叫萍萍）4、宾语表示及物动词的对象豆结果，回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the e r d.（他能拼这个词）有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。福扬而叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter.（他给我写了一封信）有 时 可 把 丽 to 或 for加在间隹莫语前而版后语,放在直接宾语后面，来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me.（他给我写了一封信）5、定语修僚互词或代词，通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：Shanghai is a big city.（上海是个大城市）6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常而副词担任。如：He workshard.（他工作努力）7、宾语补足语词来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.（他们通常让教室保持清洁）/He often helps me do my lessons.（他常常帮我做功课）/The teacher wanted me to learn French all by嬴 逊.（老师要我自学法语）同位语通常紧跟在名词、神词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where isyour classmate Tom 2（你的同学汤姆在哪里?）句子的基本句型结构一.五种基本句型。根据句子所用动词的不同，句子可归纳为五个基本句型。(1)主语+连系动词+表语。例如：My mother is a doctor.Her voice sounds nice.(2)主语+不及物动词。例如：He runs fast.We study hard.(3)主语+及物动词+宾语。例如:Children often sing this song.He studies English.1)常用-in g形式，而不用不定式作宾语的动词有：enjoy,finish,feellike,consider,practise,keep,suggest,mind 等。例如:She enjoys reading novels and swimming.I finished reading the book last night.2)常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有：wish,hope,agree,plan,decide,refuse 等。例如：Where do wish to sit?Tom agreed to lend some money.3)有些及物动词既可用不定式，由可用-in g形式作宾语，但意义不同。这类动词常见的有：remember,forget等。例如：Please remember to post the letter for me.请记住替我发了这封信。I remember posting the letter.我记得那封信寄过了。Stop的用法同上面的词相仿，不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语,而是作状语。试比较下列句子：He stopped to smoke.他停下来吸烟。He stopped smoking.他停止吸烟了。4)有些及物动词的宾语，既可用不定式，又可用-in g形式，意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有:like,love,hate,begin,start,continue 等。例如：I like to swim in summer.I like swimming in summer.(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。例如：My father bought me a new bike.He gave me an apple.1)及物动词之后跟有双宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物。指人的为间接宾语，指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如果要把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾语前需加介词。例如：Please pass me a cup of tea.=Please pass a cup of tea to me.Show me your new book,please.=Please show your new bookto me.2）把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾前有时加介词t。，有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give,tell,sell,lend,show之后加t。在动词buy,make,get等之后加for。例如：Would you lend me your dictionary,please?=Would you lendyour dictionary to me,please?Toms mother bought him a pair of new shoes.=Toms motherbought a pair of new shoes for him.（5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如：We keep our classroom clean and tidy.I hear someone singing in the next room.1）及物动词指后跟有复合宾语，一个是宾语，一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如：We call him Jack.Dont get your hands dirty.2）在及物动词之后，用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程；用-ing形式作宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如：I heard him sing that song.（我听他唱过那首歌。）When I came back,I heard him singing in the room.（我回来时，听见他正在房间里唱歌。）“一3）在感官动词 see,hear,feel,watch,listen to,look at 使役动词 let,make,have等的复合宾语种，不定式须省去t。但变为被动句时，省去的to要加上。例如：I saw him go into the room.He was seen to go into the room.英语句子成分基础练习及答案（一）.指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，4分钟）The teacher with two of his students is walking into theclassroom.There is an old man coming here.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.To do todays homework without the teachers help is verydifficult.（二）.选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，10分钟）I dont like the picture on the wall.A.dont B.like C.picture D.wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A.will be B.meeting C.the library D.afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A.Tom B.didnt C.do D.his homework What I want to tell you is this.A.want B.to tell C.you D.is We had better send for a doctor.A.We B.had C.send D.doctor He is interested in music.A.is B.interested C.in D.music Whom did you give my book to?A.give B.did C.whom D.book（三）挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）My brother hasnt done his homework.ABC D People all over the world speak English.A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D How many new words did you learn last class?A B C D Some of the students in the school want to goswimming,how about you?The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A BCD They made him monitor of the class.A B C D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on theleft.A B C D You will find it useful after you leave school.A B C D They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.ABC D（四）挑出下列句中的表语（5分，5分钟）The old man was feeling very tired.A B C D Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D The leaves have turned yellow.A BCD Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B C D She was the first to learn about it.A B C D（五）挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟）They use Mr.Mrs.with the family name.A B C D What is your given name?A B C D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.ABC D The man downstairs was trying t。sleep.A B C D L am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A B C D（六）挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分，6分钟）She