考研英语真题阅读

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)fbr each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise aseries of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called theHawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting workers*productivity.Instead,the studies ended 2 giving their nameto the Hawthorne effect0,the extremely influential idea that the very 3 tobeing experimented upon changed subjects*behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the Hawthorneplant.According to 5 of the experiments,their hourly output rose whenlighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not 6 what wasdone in the experiment;7 something was changed,productivity rose.A(n)8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alterworkers*behavior 10 itselfAfter several decades,the same data were 11 to econometric the analysis.Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12 the descriptions onrecord,no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related tochanges in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to14 interpretation of what happed.15,lighting was always changed on aSunday.When work started again on Monday,output 16 rose compared withthe previous Saturday and 17 to rise fbr the next couple of days.18,acomparison with data fbr weeks when there was no experimentation showed that19 to be diligent for the first fewdays of the week in any case,before 20 a plateau and then slackening off.Thissuggests that the alleged Hawthorne effect is hard to pin down.Section II Reading Comprehension1.A affectedB achievedC extractedD restored2.A atB upC withD off3.A truthB sightC actD proof4.A controversialB perplexingC mischievousD ambiguous5.A requirementsB explanationsC accountsD assessments6.A concludeB matterC indicateD work7.A as far asB fbr fear thatC in case thatD so long as8.A awarenessB expectationC sentimentD illusion9.A suitableB excessiveCenoughD abundant10.AaboutB forC onD by11.A comparedB shownC subjectedD conveyed12.A contrary toB consistent with C parallel withD peculiar to13.A evidenceB guidanceC implicationD source14.A disputableB enlighteningC reliableD misleading15.A In contrastB For exampleC In consequence D As usual16.A dulyB accidentallyC unpredictablyD suddenly18.A ThereforeB FurthermoreC HoweverD Meanwhile19.A attemptedB tendedC choseD intended20.A breakingB climbingC surpassingD hittingPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers duringthe past quarter-century,perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorabledecline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age offorty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in mostbig-city newspapers.Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections ofcriticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents wereonce deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews publishedin England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II,at atime when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered anornament to the publications in which it appeared.In those far-off days,it was takenfor granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length aboutthe events they covered.Theirs was a serious business,and even those reviewerswho wore their learning lightly,like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman,could be trusted to know what they were about.These men believed in journalism asa calling,and were proud to be published in the daily press.So few authors havebrains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism/9Newman wrote,“that I am tempted to define journalism as 匕 term of contemptapplied by writers who are not read to writers who are.Unfortunately,these critics are virtually forgotten.Neville Cardus,who wrotefor the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975,isnow known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket.During his lifetime,though,he was also one of England foremost classical-music critics,a stylist sowidely admired that his Autobiography(1947)became a best-seller.He was knightedin 1967,the first music critic to be so honored.Yet only one of his books is now inprint,and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival