1999考研英语真题

1999年年全真试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices markedA,B,C and D.Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWERSHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10points)Industrial safety does not just happen.Companies 1 low accident rates plantheir safety programs,work hard to organize them,and continue working to keepthem 2 and active.When the work is well done,a 3 of accident freeoperations is established 4 time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.aspects of the program.Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding.OthersSuccessful safety programs may 5 greatly in the emphasis placed on certainstress safe work practices by 6 rules or regulations.7 others depend on anemotional appeal to the worker.But,there are certain basic ideas that must be used inevery program if maximum results are to be obtained.There can be no question about the value of a safety program.From a financialstandpoint alone,safety8_.The fewer the injury 9,the better the workmansinsurance rate.This may mean the difference between operating at_ IC!_or at a loss.i.EAatB in C onD with2.LAaliveB vivid C mobileD diverse3.LAregulationB climate C circumstance Drequirement4.LAwhereB how C what Dunless5.AalterB differ C shiftD distinguish6.AconstitutingB aggravating C observingD justifying7.ASomeB Many C EvenCD still8.EAcomes offB turns up C pays offD holds up9.LAclaimsB reports C declarationsL D proclamationsio.CAan advantage B a benefit C an interest D aprofitPart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each questionthere are four answers marked A,B,C and D.Read the passagescarefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answeron ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with apencil.(40 points)Passage 1Its a rough world out there.Step outside and you could break a leg slipping onyour doormat.Light up the stove and you could burn down the house.Luckily,if thedoormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster,a successful lawsuit mightcompensate you for your troubles.Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s,when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers,misfortunes.Feeling threatened,companies responded by writing ever longer warninglabels,trying to anticipate every possible accident.Today,stepladders carry labelsseveral inches long that warn,among other things,that you might一surprise!一fall off.The label on a childs Batman cape cautions that the toy“does not enable user to fly”.While warnings are often appropriate and necessary-the dangers of druginteractions,for example-and many are required by state or federal regulations,itisnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if acustomer is injured.About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customerstake them to court.Now the tide appears to be turning.As personal injury claims continue as before,some courts are beginning to side with defendants,especially in cases where awarning label probably wouldnt have changed anything.In May,Julie Nimmons,president of Schutt Sports in Illinois,successfully fought a lawsuit involving afootball player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet.Werereally sorry he has become paralyzed,but helmets arent designed to prevent thosekinds of injuries,says Nimmons.The jury agreed that the nature of the game,notthe helmet,was the reason for the athletes injury.At the same time,the AmericanLaw Institute-a group of judges,lawyers,and academics whose recommendationscarry substantial weightissued new guidelines for tort law stating that companiesneed not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list ofpossible ones.Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,says alaw professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines.If themoderate end of the legal community has its way,the information on products mightactually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legalliability.11.What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?A Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.B Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.C Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.D Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.12.Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to.A satisfy customers by writing long warnings on productsB become honest in describing the inadequacies of their productsC make the best use of labels to avoid legal liabilityD feel obliged to view customers safety as their first concern13.The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that.A some injury claims were no longer supported by lawB helmets were not designed to prevent injuriesC product labels would eventually be discardedD some sports games might los