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1、讲义一Text A What Is a Decision?I.课文内容简介决策的目的是制定和实现组织目标。作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西防碍目标或目的的实现。作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。决策者必须具备从多个可供选择的可能性中确定最佳选择的手段。而多种目标的顺序和重要性也部分地基于决策者的价值观。今天所作的决策可能会对将来产生深远的影响。因此，有经验的管理者能从当前决策看到将来的效果。段落大意：课文分成三部分第一、二段：决策的定义 The definition of decision第三、四段：作决策的一般过程 The general process of m
2、aking a decision第五至九段：在管理层次上，多种因素影响决策的制定Various factors influencing decisionmaking at the managerial levelILNew W o rd s词汇精讲l.goal n.目标，进球，球 门（同义词：aim,end,purpose,objective）Her goal is a place at university.她的目标是在大学任教。Z.objective：n./a.目的；目 标（尤指较长远的目标）；宗旨/客观的，如实的派生词：object n.物体反义词：subjective n./a.主语；
3、主观事物；/主观的，用法：Her objective is to get a college education.她的目标是接受大学教育。If you don*t work hard,youH never achieve your objectives.假如你不努力工作，你将永远达不到目的。Achieve表示较难达到的目标。It is an objective report,这是一篇如实的报道。3.accomplish v.完成（任务）等 The students accomplished the task in less than ten minutes.学生们在不到10分钟内完成了任务。4
4、.predict：v 预言，预示，预告 同义词：forecast v.预测，预报Itts hard to predict when it will happen.很难预见这件事何时发生。5.accompany：v.伴随，陪同The lonely old man is accompanied by his dog.这位孤独的老人让他的狗做伴。All orders must be accompanied with cash.所有的订货单必须随付现金。派生词：company n.公司；v.陪伴6.i mplement v.实施，履 行（诺言）等The committee suggestions wi
5、ll be implemented immediately.委员会的意见将立即贯彻执行。The changes to the national health system will be implemented next year.对全国医疗体系的改革将在明年进行。7.constraint n.限制，约束They told the truth but only under constraint.Constraint on the rules of grammer他们说了实话但是有所保留（是被迫的）。语法规则的限制（约束）8.tendency n.趋势，倾向There is a growing
6、tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices.人们在家里而不是在办公室里工作的趋势日益增长。派生词：tend v.趋向，倾向 用法：tendtodosth.He tends to get angry when people disagree with him.当人们不同意他的意见时，他很容易生气。9.achievement n.完成,成就,An Olympic silver medal is a remarkable achievement for one so young.对一个如此年轻的人来说，获得奥运会银牌是个了不起的
7、成就。派生词：achieve v.完成，做到，达 到（目的），实现，获得He will never achieve his objectives if he doesnt work hard.如果他不努力，将会永远达不到目的。lO.attain：v.达到；获 得（长期努力后而获得）同义词：obtain,get用法：She has made up her mind to attain her goal in life.她下定决心要达到生活中的目标。The apple tree has attained to a great height.苹果树已长得很高了。ll.optimal adj 最佳的T
8、he sailors are waiting for optimal weather conditions before taking off.船员们正在等待出航的最佳天气条件。12.argue：vt./vi.争辩，争论，辩论用法：作不及物动词用时，后边可以接with,about或 over（就争论），for（赞成）或 against（反对）She is always ready to argue over the smallest issues.她总喜欢为极小的问题进行争论。He often argues philosophy with James.他常和詹姆斯讨论哲学。He argued
9、for immediate action.他主张立即行动。They argued against such a policy.他们反对这种政策。作及物动词时，表示“说服、用辩论证明”的意思I argued him out going on such a dangerous journey.我说服他不做这样危险的旅行。He argued that man was descended from apes.他论证人类的祖先是猿。13.scheme n 计划方案He has got a crazy scheme for getting rich before he is 20.他制定了 一个在20岁之
10、前发财的疯狂计划。14.multiple a d j多样的复合的What the person does next is the result of the multiple influences to which they have beenexposed.一个人下一步会做什么是他受到的多种影响的结果。15.ongoing a d j进行中的，前进的No agreement has yet been reached and the negotiations one still ongoing.目前还没有达成任何协议，谈判仍在进行。16.entity n 存在实体He regarded the
11、 north of the country as a separate cultural entity.他把这个国家的北方看成一个单独的文化实体。17.skilled a d j熟练的，有技能的My mother is very skilled at/in dress-making.我母亲非常擅长做衣服。Phrases and Expressions1.(stand,get,be)in the w ay碍 事，挡道的；妨碍人的If you are not going to help,at least dont get in the way!如果你不愿帮忙，至少别妨碍人家。The chair i
12、s in the way,please move it away.这把椅子挡着路，请把它移开。相关短语：in a w ay在某种程度上；在某些方面；从某一点上看in no w ay决不；一点也不；in the way o f 按照；就。而 言 by way o f 取道，经 由 by the w ay顺便问一下2.to make a guess at 猜测You might have been able to make a guess at who she w as.你本来能够猜到她是谁。Can you make a guess at the price?你猜得出价钱吗？3.to seek t
13、o(i n f)寻求，争取Power stations are seeking to reduce their use of o il.发电站正在设法减少石油的使用4.i n part：部分地；有些部分；在某种程度上This was in part due to financial difficulties.部分是由于财政困难。The responsibility was in part because of m e.部分责任在我。5.point of view 视点，视角 The book looks at college life from a student*s point of vie
14、w.这本书从一个学生的视角来看大学生活。6.to vary from.to.从到不同，因 而异Salary scales vary from state to state.工资级别因州而异。7.contribute.t o 把 贡献给。Well contribute ourselves to this career after we graduate.我们毕业后将为此事业作贡献。contribute to 导致Smoking is the main factor contributing to lung cancer.吸烟是导致肺癌的主要因素。8.be beneficial to 对 有利Jo
15、gging is beneficial to our health.慢跑有利于我们的健康。Reciting passages is beneficial to improving oral English.朗 读（背诵）短文段落对提高英语口语有利。in.课文精讲第一部分 Para.l A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action thatare available.The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizat
16、ionalgoals and objectives.The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists,goals orobjectives are wrong,or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.l.made from among alternative courses of action 是过去分词短语作定语 courses of action行动方针that are available是定语从句，修饰概念短语“行动方针”2.The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists,goals or objectives are wrong,or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.此句是由that引导的表语从句，表语从句由a problem exist；goals of objectives are wron
