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1、最全最一目了然的虚拟语气语法讲解最全最一目了然的虚拟语气语法讲解 The Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非
2、真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。二.连词 if的省略如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had 和 should 时，可省略 if，把 were，had 和should 放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。三.含蓄条件句虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。条件暗含在短语中but for、without,otherwise、or。虚拟语气除主要用于条件句（也就是状语从句）外，还可用于主
3、语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句等。四wish(that)+宾语从句 1.对现在情况的虚拟 wish+宾语从句（谓语动词 were、did）2.对过去情况的虚拟 wish+宾语从句（谓语动词：had done 或 would/could/might+have done）3.对将来情况的虚拟 wish+宾语从句（谓语动词would/should/could/might+动词原形)五would rather，would sooner，had rather，would(just)as soon，would prefer 1.对现在或将来虚拟宾语从句谓语动词：were、did 2.对过去虚拟宾语从
4、句谓语动词：had done 注意：若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形 I would rather stay at home todaywould rather than 中用动词原形 I would rather stay at home than go out today六as if/though+方式状语从句/表语从句，有时用虚拟语气 as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况是当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。1.对现在情况的虚拟，从句谓语动词：were、did 2.对过去情况的虚拟，从句谓语动词：had done 3
5、.对将来情况的虚拟，从句谓语动词：wouldcould might 动词原形注意：从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气七 1.It is+adj/过去分词/n.that+句子（谓语动词：（should）+V 原）用于本句型的形容词并不多，常见形容词有：natural(自然的),appropriate(适当的),advisable(合适的),preferable(更可取的),better(更好的)*necessary(必须的),important(重要的),imperative(急需的),urgent(急迫的),essential(本质的),vital(必不可少的)*probab
6、le(很可能的),possible(可能的)*desirable(极好的)advisable（合理的），compulsory（必须的），crucial（紧急的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），incredible（惊人的），necessary（必要的），possible（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的）。常用的过去分词(past participle):required(需要的),demanded(要求),requested(被请求的),desired(要求)*suggested(建议),recommend
7、ed(推荐)orderd(命令)常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，motion，order，pity，preference，proposal，recommendation，requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder 等。2.宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，其谓语用（should）+动词原形 这类动词有表示“要求”的：ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg 表示“提议
8、、劝告、建议”的：move,prpose,suggest,recommend,advise,vote表示“决定、命令”的：decide,order表示“主张”的：maintain,urge表示“同意、坚持”的：consent,insist注意：(1).在 insist 后的从句中,如果是坚持自己,用陈述语气,坚持别人做什么事情,用虚拟语气.(2)suggest 表示“暗示”时用陈述语气。练习：1).The chairman requested that.athe members studied more carefully the problembthe problem was more ca
9、refulnessly studiedcwith more carefulness the problem could be studieddthe members study the problem more carefully 2).The committee recommends that the matter at the next meeting.awould be discussedbwill be discussedcbe discusseddmay be discussed 3).The doctor insisted that his patient.athat he not
10、 work too hard for three monthsbtake it easy for three monthsctaking it easy inside of three monthsdto take some vacations for three months 3.在 expect,believe,think,suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，宾语从句谓语动词经常用“should 动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.我们从来
11、没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。练习：1)that the time will soon be ripe for intervention in iran，they would be faced by a large army?ait is believedbshould they believecthey would believedif they would believe 2)I think it advisable that he for Tokyo soon.awill leavebmay leavecleavedleaves 4.由 lest(以免，免得)，in case,for f
12、ear that 引导的目的状语从句，谓语动词用（should）+V原 5.It is（about/high）time(that)+句子（谓语动词：should+V原did）6.had hoped+宾语从句（谓语动词：would+V原）表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情 I had hoped that she would go to the US.and study there,but she said she liked to stay in China.八错综时间虚拟条件句。If he had listened to me,he(not be)in such trouble now.
13、If I had a bike(now),I.If you(follow)the doctors advice then,you would be all right now.If you hadnt finished the homework by now,you(not be allowed)to see the film this evening.If he had prepared well for his lessons yesterday,he（not have）so many difficulties now.If he had taken my advice last year,he be）a successful businessman now.
