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1、大学英语四级专项训练选词填空（一）Americans are proud of their variety and individualty,yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform.Why are uniforms so _1_ in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms,one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more _2_ than civilian（百姓的）cloth
2、es.People have become conditioned to _3_ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform.The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to _4_ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes.Faith in the _5_ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform.What an easier way is there for a nur
3、se,a policeman,a barber,or a waiter to _6_ professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many _7_ benefits.They save on other clothes.They save on laundry bills.They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against unifor
4、ms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of _8_ experienced by people who must wear them.Though there are many types of uniforms,the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it,without _9_,until retirement.When people look alike,they tend to think,speak,and act _10_,on the jo
5、b at least.Askill Bpopular Cget Dchange Esimilarly、Fprofessional Gcharacter Hindividuality I inspire J differently Kexpect Lpractical M recall N lose O ordinary（二）Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards,from warm praise to cold cash,affect motivation and creativity.Behaviorists,who
6、 study the relation between actions and their consequences,argue that rewards can _1_ performance at work and school.Cognitive(认识派的)researchers,who study various aspects of mental life,maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on _2_ and gifts from others.The latter vi
7、ew has gained many supporters,_3_ among educators.But the careful use of small _4_ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children,suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺 激)indeed _5_inventiveness,according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know
8、 theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively _6_ task,they show the most creativity,”says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark.“But it s easy to _7_ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.A teacher who conti
9、nually draws attention to rewards or who hands our 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 5 页 -high grades for _8_ achievement ends uPwith uninspired students,Eisenberger holds.As an example of the latter point,he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and _9_ failing grade
10、s.In early grades,the use of so-called token economies,in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards,shows _10_ in raising efforts and creativity,the Delaware psychologist claims.A)mental B)promiseC)killD)avoid E)hope F)especiallyG)aidH)ord
11、inary I)approval J)monetaryK)generallyL)improve M)challengingN)restoreO)excellent（三）Britain is not just one country and one people;even if some of its inhabitants think so.Britain is,in fact,a nation which can be divided into several _1_ parts,each part being an individual country with its own langu
12、age,character and cultural _2_.Thus Scotland,Northern Ireland and Wales do not claim to _3_ to England because their inhabitants are not _4_ English.They are Scottish,Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue,which in turn is _5_ to the others.These cultural minorities(
13、少数民族)have been Britains original inhabitants.In varying degrees they have managed to _6_ their national characteristics,and their particular customs and way of life.This is probably even more ture of the _7_ areas where traditional ife has not been so affected by the _8_ of industrialism as the bord
14、er areas have been.The Celtic races are said to be more emotional by nature than the English.An Irish temper is legendary.The Scots could rather _9_ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songs and dances,while the Welsh are famous for their singing.Th
15、e Celtic _10_ as a whole produces humorous writers and artists,such as the Irish Bernard Shaw,the Scottish Robert Burns,and the Welsh Dylan Thomas,to mention but a few.Aincomprehensible Btemper Cremote Dseparate Eunderstandable Fforget Ggenerally Htemperament Ipreserve Jstrictly Ktraditional Lreserv
16、e Mgrowth Napply Obelong（四）After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994,earthquake scientists had good news to report:The damage and death toll(死亡人数)could have been much worse.More than 60 people died in this earthquake.By comparison,and earthquake of similar _1_ that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.Injuries and deaths were _2_ less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m.On a holiday,when traffic was light on the citys highway.In addition,_3_ made to th
