考研语法一长难句分析策略总论一、考研语法在各题型直接命题点的体现：1.阅读：定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句一一现在分词、过去分词、比较结构-一主语从句2.完形：定语从句、宾语从句、状 语 从 句-现 在 分 词、过去分词-主语从句、比较结构、同位语从句3.翻译：定语从句一一状语从句、宾语从句、现在分词-过去分词比较结构、倒装一一同位语从句、表语从句二、英语句法规则：一个句子中有且只能有一个核心动词分 号和并列连词可以连接多个独立的句子，构成并列句；多个句子之间是平等关系；多句的动词共同构成句子的核心动词复合句分为主句和从句两部分，由从属连词连接；主句的动语是核心动词；主从句之间属于上下级关系三、长难句分析六步走1.（2010Text4）These（changes）gave banks more freedom to use modelsto value illiquid assets（非流动资产）and more flexibility in recognizinglosses on long-term assets in their income statements（损益计算）.2.（2001 完形）The government is to ban payments to witnesses bynewspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases such asthe trial of Rosemary West.3.(2005Text 1)Whether such a sense of fairness evolved independentlyin monkeys and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestorthat the species had 35 million years ago,is,as yet,an unansweredquestion.(2005-25)What can we infer from the last paragraph?A Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.4.(2008Text2)The Internet一and pressure from funding agencies,whoare questioning why commercial publishers are making money fromgovernment-funded research by restricting access to it一is making accessto scientific results a reality.四、基本知识补充1.句子成分：主干成分主语、谓语/系词、宾语/表语修饰成分定语、状语和补语例：When it comes to English test,he,who is a college student,considersgrammar most important.2.由词到句的扩展：除谓语和补语外，任何其他句子成分都可以用句子代替单词或短语构成从句。
例：Last year,the hard-working student considered the NETEM mostimportant.(词)In 2011,most of college students,a group of hard-working people,considered passing the NETEM most important.(短语)When it was 2011,what was considered to be the most important formost of college students,who were hard-working people,was passing theNETEM.(句)3.简单句基本句型：(1)主语+及物动词+宾 语 I like English.(2)主语+系动词+表 语 He looks twisted.(3)主语+不及物动词I fainted.(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语He told me a story.(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 We call this kind pseudo-girls.启示：“”部分为句子的谓语部分，只有有动词才成句，通过动词与连词区分简单句、并列句、复合句。
第二章名词性语法内容一、名词：1.语法功能：充当句子中主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语等成分例：The reasons are clear now.Why he murdered hiswife is clear now.He has made clear the facts.He has made clear whatthey had done yesterday.It is the question.It is whether I should disgracefidlysurvive or smartly disappear.We found out the fact,the murder.We found out the factthat he was killed.Americans elected Barack Obama their president.二、名词性结构：动名词与不定式1.动名词与不定式做主语例：5.（2006 完形）Finding ways to assist this growing homeless populationhas become increasingly difficult.6.（2005.49）Creating a European Identity that respects the differentcultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric（组织）of the Old Continent（欧洲大陆）is no easy task and demands a strategicchoice.7.To err（犯错）is human;to forgive,divine（神圣的）.2.动名词与不定式做宾语例：8.（1994 语法）1 appreciate the opportunity to studyabroad two years ago.A.having been given B.having given C.to have been given D.to havegiven9.(2003Text 1)The latest revolution isn t simply a matter of gentlemenreading other gentlemen s e-mail.3.动名词与不定式检测题10.(2004Textl)With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet,finding promising openings(空 缺)can be time-consuming andinefficient.Working with a personal search agent means havinganother set of eyes looking out for you.11.(2004 完形)All these conditions tend to increase the probability of achild committing a criminal act.12.(2001Text5)I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after hermuch-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up ofstress,that abandoning the doctrine of-juggling your life,and makingthe alternative move into-downshifting brings with it far greaterrewards than financial success and social status.13.(1998Text4)Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nationdeveloping more and more regional competition,as population growth inthe Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.三、名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。
注：用从句代替名词充当句子成分，称之为名词性从句1.主语从句:that引导(陈述句)、whether、what等疑问词引导(what疑问句)14.(2006Text3)That these seas are being overfished has been known foryears.15.(1993.74)And it is imagined by many that the operations of thecommon mind can be by no means compared with these processes(thescientists4 mind processes),and that they have to be acquired by a sort ofspecial training.16.(2000.72)It is obvious that the strength of a country4s economy isdirectly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,andthat this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of allkinds.17.(2008.46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any socialinstitution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience.18.(1994.75)Whether the Government should increase the financing ofpure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends onthe issue of which is seen as the driving force.2.宾语从句：that引导(可省一陈述句)、whether等疑问词引导(疑问句)。
19.(2005Text2)Do you r。