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1、2023年最新的情态动词的语法特征18篇一 can / could = be able to 1. 表示能力两种时态can (could)，其他时态要用be able to的形式 He can speak French. was/were able to 可以表示成功做成某事的含义* managed to do / succeeded in doing With our help, he was able to build the house. 2. 表示请求或许可 could 比 can 更加客气* may Can I go now Yes, you can. 3. 表示推测或可能性，常用于
2、否定句和疑问句 Can he be at school Today is Sunday. He cant be at school. Cant couldnt/ Can Could have done There is no light in the room. Can she have gone to bed She cant have gone to school its Sunday. could have done 可用在肯定句中表示过去存在的可能性* may have done She could have gone out with some friends yesterday.
3、could have done 可以表示虚拟语气 某事可能发生（并没有发生） It was silly to throw the TV out of the window. It could have hit somebody. 批评某人没有完成某事(本可以做某事) You are late again. You could have got up earlier. 4. can 表示客观上的可能性* Anybody can make mistakes. 二 may and might 的用法 1. 表示请求和允许 类似用法can could(更加口语化) May I watch TV now
4、 Yes, you may. 2. 表示可能性; 猜测might比may更加不确定may/might have done 对过去的揣测 He may be busy these days. may not 可能不；不可能；一定不可 3. 表示祝愿 Wish you success! May you succeed!* 三 must and have to 1. 表示必须；一定要 可以用 have to 代替 must 现在；将来的必须 而且是主观看法* have to 有多种时态 而且强调客观情况 I really must stop smoking now. I had to leave e
5、arly because I wasnt feeling well. Must I come here Yes, you must. No, you neednt. neednt / dont have to must not 一定不能做某事 mustnt 2. must 表示推测 意思非常肯定 “一定是”“一定会” It must be raining outside. Must have done 对过去/完成的推测* must have done, didnt / hasnt Must be doing 推测现在正在进行 He must have gone over the articl
6、e, hasnt he It must have rained last night, didnt it 四 need and dare 过去时 dared 情态动词和实意动词的区别 A 人称变化 B do / to do C 直接否定 / 间接否定 can work Need /dare 肯定句中，实义动词 She needs to do it. I dare to do it. 使用在否定句,疑问句中，情态动词，实义动词。 I dare not do it. I dont dare (to) do it. I need not do it. I dont need to do it. 1.
7、 need 情态动词 无时态；人称的变化 多用于疑问句和否定句 You neednt try to explain. Neednt = dont have to Neednt have done sth 过去本不必做某事* 虚拟语气 2. need 实义动词 有时态；人称的变化 后接to do You need to tell us the truth. The car needs repairing. The car needs to be repaired. 3. dare 情态动词 过去时 dared 无人称的变化 多用在疑问句和否定句 Dare he tell them what he
8、 knows 4. dare 实义动词 有时态；人称的变化后接to do 用于疑问句和否定句时 其后的to 有时可省略 Do you dare (to) jump off the high wall 五 will and would 1 表示征求对方(第二人称)意见或询问对方意愿 would 比will 更客气委婉 Will you have some more wine Would you mind my smoking here 2 will 表示习惯性动作或某种倾向 would 表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向 Fish will die out of water. When I was y
9、oung, I would play badminton on Sundays. would 与 used to 的区别* would 只能用来表示重复的动作而不能表示状态 used to 既可表示动作也可表示状态, 强调现在不如此 He used to be a university student. 3 will 表示意愿 决心 I will never do that again. 六 shall, should and ought to 1shall 在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求 用于第一，三人称 What shall we do now 2 shall 肯定句中 表示说话人强烈的感
10、情 允许，命令，禁止和威胁 * 或表示按规定，规章和义务等用于第二，三人称 If you dare to do that, you shall be punished. These rules shall be obeyed. shall not 禁止，不许 3 shall 决心，意愿 = will I shall come if I want to. 4 should 表示劝告，建议 = ought to 应该 You should wash your hands first. should 主要表示主观看法* ought to 客观情况 法律、规定、义务的使用 should have do
11、ne / ought to have done sth 虚拟语气* shouldnt have done / ought not to have done sth You should have done it today. 5 should 推测 推论 可能性 = ought to *估计 They should/ ought to be there by now. 6 should说话人的感情。如惊奇、愤怒、失望等、“竟然” 否定句疑问句 You cant imagine that well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady Why
12、 should he do such a thing 推测 肯定性 可能性 由强到弱 must / shall* / ought to / should / would* / could* / may / might /can 理论上的可能/ can Could / cant couldnt must 用于表示必定，必会： All mankind must die. (表示必然会发生的事) shall用于表示必定： I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) ought to / should用于表示想必会(语气较must 弱)： They should / ou
13、ght to be there by now. will 和 would 用于表示预测或习惯性： I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会) could 表推测 No, but the shop could be in the east of the city. may 和 might 用于表示事实上的可能性或预测： It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) You might be right. (表示有可能) can理论上的可能 Anybody can make mistakes. (只表示理论上的可能性) Can Could / cant couldnt 疑问否定 He cant be at home. (否定句) Can the news be true (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句) 情态动词 +be doing 情态动词 +have done must / could / may / might / Can; could have done / cant ; couldnt have done 请求和允许 can/ could I; he /may might I; he / will would you / s
