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1、1 非谓语动词也叫非限定性动词，即它的形式不受主语人称和数的限制，不能作谓语。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。2动词不定式动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成动词不定式的句法作用法可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语,状语和补语。1、作主语To master a foreign language is very important.Not to smoke will do you a lot of good.32、作宾语I dont expect to meet you here.I hope to hear from you soon.有些动词只
2、要求动词不定式作宾语，如有些动词只要求动词不定式作宾语，如want,decide,learn,pretend,hope,expect,refuse,manage,long,promise,offer,hate等。等。45.作状语。不定式作状语可以表示目的,结果,原因等.如目的:He come to see.He went to the supermarket to buy a pen.结果:She woke up to find herself in bed.He returned home to find his wife had died原因:Im glad to meet you.She
3、 seems surprised to meet me.5有些动词如allow,advise,ask,beg,believe,call,enable,get,have,invite,let,make,order,notice,teach,tell 等后边常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。6 作补语The teacher allowed me to finish my homework on Friday.I invited him to come here.6有些动词如consider,prove,think,know,feel,suppose,discover,imagine,find 等也可跟“
4、宾语+to be”的形式，使用中应注意。例如：We found him(to be)dishonest.我们发现他不诚实。We all know him to be dead.我们都以为他死了。7动词不定式复合结构的用法1、作主语，常用it作形式主语。Its difficult for you to study English.Its nice of you to help me.2.在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，由it作形式宾语。83、作表语Her wish is to become a doctor in the future.To the doctor,the most important
5、thing is to save lives.4、作定语，放在被修饰词的后面。Do you have anything to say?She is a very nice person to work with.9 当不定式作直接宾语，它后面还有宾语补足语当不定式作直接宾语，它后面还有宾语补足语时，需用时，需用it作形式宾语代替不定式，而把不定式放作形式宾语代替不定式，而把不定式放在补足语之后。在补足语之后。I find it difficult to believe him.I feel it right to tell her the truth.10注意事项：注意事项：1）当被不定式修饰
6、的名词与后面的不定式有动宾关系时（即为逻辑宾语），不定式结尾表示动宾关系的介词不要丢掉。At last we found a room to live in.I havent got a chair to sit on.I have a pen to write with.112）不定式作定语，与靠近的名词或代词有逻辑的动宾关系，但其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般用主动语态。I have much work to do We found the book difficult to understand.如果句子找不出上述逻辑主语，或不定式的逻辑主语不是句中主语时，则一般用被动语态。Her boss
7、 got a lot of letters to be typed.(不是老板自己打，而是别人打)“Do you have any clothes to be washed today”12 不定式to的省略1)由 all，what 等引导的主语从句或者主语被only,first,one,least 或形容词最高级修饰时，而且从句中含有是实意动词do时，其表语如果是动词不定式，则往往省去to。All I did was empty the bottle.我所做的是倒空这个瓶子。What I wanted to do was drive all night.我想做的是彻夜开车。The only
8、thing I could do was do it myself。我惟一能做的是我自己解决。132)but,except(除之外)后接不定式时，如果它们前面有谓语动词do,便可省略to.反之则不能省略.如He has no alternative but to go to see him.Last night I did nothing but watch TV.There is nothing he could do but play all day long。143)在make（使）,let（让）,have（使，叫）等使役动词后；在see（看）,watch（观看）,look at（看）,
9、observe（观察，看见）,perceive（看见）,feel（感觉）,hear（听）,listen to（听.）,notice（发现，注意）等表示感官的动词等后面省去动词不定式符号“to”。但如果句子变成被动时,则不能省.如:I make him teach me English.He is made to teach me English154)Wouldrather宁愿wouldsoonerWouldyouplease请您hadbetter最好Ratherthan而不是hadrather宁愿cannotbut不得不canthelpbut不得不mayaswell不妨,最好等习惯用法中,省
10、略to如Iwouldratherstayathome.Wouldyoupleaseclosethewindow?Marycouldnotbut/couldnthelpbutlietoherparents.165)由并列连词and，but,than,or连接两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的不定式时，第二个动词不定式不带to。Idliketostaywithyou,helpyouandlearnfromyou.Shetoldustostayathomeandwaittillshecameback.注：如果两个不定式表示对照或对比时，则不能省略to.Totryandfailisbetterthanno
11、ttotryatall.尝试而失败也比不尝试好。Hehasntdecidedwhethertoquitortostay.他还没有决定是去还是留。Tobeornottobe,thatisaquestion.是生存还是死亡，这是一个问题。176)7以Why或Whynot开头表请求的结构中常跟上动词原形,省略to。Whynotgooutforawalk?18 动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。动词不定式的时态和语态191）一般式：不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态 与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其之后 发生。I saw him climb u
12、p the tree.We hope to build up a modern laboratory.2）进行式：不定式进行式表示的动作在谓语动 词表示的动作发生时正在进行。She was found to be teaching the pupils to make model planes.203）完成式：动词不定式表示的动作在谓语动词 表示的动作之前发生 I am sorry to have interrupt you just now.4）完成进行式：不定式表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前开始发生，并延续到那个时候，可能仍在进行。He is said to have been wor
13、king in this factory for more than twenty years.211.Thiscompanywasthefirst_portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.produced2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomake3.Helenhadtoshout_
14、abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard224.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told5.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake2310.Asaresultofmylaziness,
15、Ifailed_myworkintime.A.andfinishedB.tofinishC.andfinishingD.tofinished11.Iamsorry_writtenyoualetteratthetime.A.tohavenotB.tonothaveC.nottohaveD.nothaving12.Willyoulendhimamagazine_?A.tobereadB.forreadingC.toreadD.heread13.Hecoulddonothingbut_forthebus_.A.wait,tocomeB.wait;comeC.waiting;comingD.waite
16、d;came14.Itisaproblemthatdoesntneed_rightnow.A.tosolveB.solvingC.beingsolvedD.tobesolving2415.TheresamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans_trouble.A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmade16.Iremember_him_thebikeneeded_.A.hearing,saying,torepairB.tohear,say,torepairC.hearing,say,repairingD.tohear,saying,toberepaired17.-Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.-Imeant_,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldntfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso18.Robertissaidto_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryh
