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1、 UNIT 8 CLUTCHES,MANUAL TRANSMISSIONS AND DRIVE LINETEXT ADRIVE LINE PROFESSIONAL ENGLISHUNIT 7 CLUTCHES,MANUAL TRANSMISSIONS AND DRIVE LINETEXTA DRIVE LINE Drive Shaft Universal Joint Final Drive Differential本次课学习内容本次课学习目标l掌握传动系统的有关英文专业词汇l能够较好地用已知翻译技巧进行课文翻译l训练快速阅读能力，较高的阅读速度l能够较熟练地运用“倒译法”。NEW WORDSg
2、raphitegrfaitn.石墨石墨torsionalt:nla.扭力的扭力的,扭转的扭转的trunniontrninn.耳轴耳轴tripodtraipdn.三脚架，三脚桌三脚架，三脚桌resemblerizemblv.象象,类似类似rampstubrmpstbn.斜坡斜坡,坡道，滑道，滑轨坡道，滑道，滑轨n.树桩，短轴树桩，短轴PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSdrive shaft传动轴传动轴torsional damper扭转减振器扭转减振器flexible joint柔性接头柔性接头cross and roller universal joint十字轴式万向节十字轴式万向
3、节cardan universal joint十字轴式万向节，万向节十字轴式万向节，万向节needle bearing滚针轴承滚针轴承snap ring卡环卡环CV joint等速万向节等速万向节exploded view分解图分解图ring gear齿圈齿圈PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSdifferential pinion shaft差速器行星齿轮轴差速器行星齿轮轴ring gear pinion shaft主减速器主动锥齿轮轴主减速器主动锥齿轮轴side gear半轴齿轮半轴齿轮worm and wheel gear蜗杆蜗轮机构蜗杆蜗轮机构friction limited
4、-slip differential摩擦式限滑差速器摩擦式限滑差速器worm gear蜗轮副蜗轮副spur gear正齿轮，直齿圆柱齿轮正齿轮，直齿圆柱齿轮Torsen differential托森差速器托森差速器DriveShaftTherear-wheeldriveshaftishollowtoreduceweight,buthasadiameterlargeenoughtogivetheshaftgreatstrength,Figure8-5.Steel,aluminum,andgraphiteareusedindriveshaftconstruction.Somehavearubber
5、-mountedtorsionaldamper.Figure8-5Therear-wheeldrivepropellershaftDrive LineAyokeandsplinedstub(whereused)areweldedtotheendsofahollowshaft.Theshaftmustruntrueandbecarefullybalancedtoavoidvibrations1.Thedriveshaftisoftenturningathighspeedsandcancausegreatdamageifbent,imbalanced,orifthereiswearinthefle
6、xiblejoints.UniversalJointThecrossandrolleruniversaljoint,sometimescalledacardanuniversaljoint,consistsofacentercrossandtwoyokes,showninFigure8-6.Theyokesareattachedtothecrossthroughneedlebearingassemblies,usuallycalledbearingcaps.Thebearingcapsareretainedintheyokebysnaprings,U-bolts,orboltedplates.
7、Thebearingcaprollerssurroundthecrossends.Thesecrossendsarecalledtrunnions.Thisallowstheyokestoswivelonthecrosswithaminimumamountoffriction.Drive LineFigure8-6SimpleuniversaljointConstantVelocity(CV)JointCVjointsperformthesamefunctionsastheuniversaljointonrear-wheeldrivevehicles.CVjointscandrivetheve
8、hicleandcompensateforsteeringactionswhileproducinglessvibrationthanauniversaljoint.Figure8-7illustratesoneparticularfront-wheeldriveCVjointandshaftassembly.Front-wheeldriveaxlesareequippedwithinboard(inside)andoutboard(outside)CVjoints.Figure8-7showsonesucharrangement.CVjointsareusedonthefrontaxleso
9、fsomefour-wheeldrivevehiclesandrear-wheeldrivevehicleswithindependentrearsuspensions.Drive LineFigure8-7Anexplodedviewofafour-wheel-drivefrontaxleandconstantvelocityjointDrive LineDrive LineTherearetwobasicCVjointtypes:tripodandRzeppa(alsocalledballandchannel)type,Bothoftheseareconstantvelocitydesig
10、ns.TheRzeppajointisbyfarthemostcommon.TripodJointFigure8-8showsthetripodjoint.Itiscomposedofthreetrunnionsinsideofathreechannelhousing.Unlikethecrossandrolleruniversaljoint,thetripodjointtrunnionscanslidebackandforthinthechannelsasthejointrotates.Thismaintainsthesamedriveanglethroughthejoint,allowin
11、gpowertobetransmittedwithoutspeedfluctuations.InboardCVjointsareusuallytripodjoints.Drive LineRzeppaJointFigure8-9illustratestheRzeppaCVjoint,whichwasinventedin1926byAlfredH.Rzeppa.Itconsistsofaseriesofballsinaslottedcrossandhousingassembly.Duringoperation,theballsslidebackandforthintheslotsasthejoi
12、ntrotates.Sincethedriveanglethroughthejointisnotsubjecttofluctuations,powerflowssmoothlythroughthejointatanyangle.OutboardCVjointsareusuallyRzeppajoints.Figure8-9RzeppaCVjointDrive LineFigure8-8TripodCVjointDrive LineDrive LineFinalDriveTheringandpiniongearsareusedtotransfertheenginepowerfromthedriv
13、eshafttotherearwheels.Inadditiontotransferringpower,theringandpinionmustcausethepowertomakea90turnbetweenthedriveshaftandwheels.Theringandpinionmustalsoprovidethecorrectaxleratio.Thepinionisthesmallerdrivinggear;theringisalwaysthelargerdrivengear.DifferentialTherearwheelsofavehiclemustturnatdifferen
14、tspeedswhenroundingtheslightestcorner(outsidewheelmustrollfarther).Therearwheelsmustalsobeabletocontinuedrivingthevehiclewhileturningatdifferentspeeds.Therefore,itisnecessarytouseadifferentialtodrivetheaxles,sobothreceivepower,yettheyarefreetoturnatdifferentspeedswhenneeded2.DifferentialOperationThe
15、driveshaftturnstheringgearpinionshaft.Thepiniongearturnstheringgearwhich,inturn,revolvesthedifferentialcase.Whenthecaseturns,thedifferentialpinionshaftturnswithit.Asthedifferentialpinionsaremountedonthisshaft,theyareforcedtomovewiththecase.Beingmeshedwiththesidegears,thepinionswillpullthesidegearsal
16、ongwiththem.Whenthevehicleismovinginastraightline,theringgearisturningthecase.Thedifferentialpinionsandsidegearsaremovingaroundwiththecasewithnomovementbetweentheteethofthepinionsandsidegears.Theentiremovementislikeasolidunit.Whenturningacorner,thecasecontinuespullingthepinionsaroundontheshaft.Astheouterwheelmustturnoveralargerarea,theoutersidegearisnowmovingfasterthantheinnersidegear.Thespinningpinionsnotonlypullonbothsidegears,butalsobegintorotateontheirshafts阅读5min后，同学翻译阅读5min后，同学翻译while walk
