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1、 被动语态讲解 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(the Active Voice)被动语态(the Passive Voice)What is it?A.主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.WespeakEnglish.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态
2、ActiveVoice；如果主语是动作的承受者，；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态动词便用被动语态PassiveVoice。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们清扫了教室。昨天我们清扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们清扫了。昨天教室被我们清扫了。Many students study English.(主动语态)English is studied by many students.(被动语态)When to use it?1当当我我们们不不知知道道谁谁是是动动作作的的执执行行者者，或或 没
3、有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。2当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。动作的执行者。这本词典被保存完好这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的不需要说明是谁保存的)。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现 The dictionary is well kept.These book were found in the 1920s.被动语态的用法:Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker.1.强调动作的承受者;如,Tab
4、letennisisplayedalloverChina.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执行者难以说出或不必说出.如，AnotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.ThePartywasfoundedonJuly6,1924.the Structure is助动词助动词be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 (be+V.P.P)一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/are done一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were done现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are bei
5、ng done过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were being done现在完成时：现在完成时：have/has been done过去完成时：过去完成时：had been done一般将来时：一般将来时：shall/will be done;be going to be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can/must/have tobe doneHeisregardedasabrilliant.他被认为很有才气。他被认为很有才气。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.这本书是这本书是1969年写成的。年写成的。Thebrokenbi
6、keisbeingrepairednow.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.他告诉我们打他告诉我们打时他正在给猫洗澡。时他正在给猫洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几年。这支钢笔已经用了几年。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他说这家工厂已经开张。他说这家工厂已经开张。Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作将于三小时后完成。工作将于三小时后完成。Thebabymustbel
7、ookedafterwell.这孩子必须被好好照顾。这孩子必须被好好照顾。2)被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规那么与be作为连系动词时一样。如：The desk is made of wood.The desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday.在改写中应注意：在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语
8、;2.把动词变成把动词变成“be+过去分词过去分词;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。的宾语。典型题例典型题例例例1将以下句子改为被动语态。将以下句子改为被动语态。Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Ourclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语找宾语-即动作的承受者即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数-即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态判断动词的时态-即即be动词的时态
9、动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词made5.修改原句的主语修改原句的主语-即即by+主语主语.bythem.Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：am/are/is+过去分词过去分词1.Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.2.Mr.Green
10、teachesusthisterm.Footballallovertheworld.Wethisterm.isplayedbypeoplearetaught(byMr.Green)一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词过去分词4.PeoplebuilttheGreatWalllongago.5.Twoyearsagoweusedthemachinestomakeshoesforchildren.TheGreatWalllongago.Twoyearsagothosemachinesshoesforchildren.wasbuilt(bypeople)wereus
11、ed(byus)tomake一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：will/begoingto+be+过去分词过去分词6.Wewillwriteadiarynextclass.7.Tomisgoingtoholdabirthdayparty.Adiarynextclass.Abirthdayparty.willbewritten(byus)isgoingtoheldbyTom情态动词的被动语态：情态动词的被动语态：must/haveto/can等等+be+过去分词过去分词8.Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.9.Wehavetofinishou
12、rhomeworkontime.Thebrokenpotteryatonce.Ourhomework.mustbethrownaway(byyou)hastobefinished(byus)ontimeHe rides the motorbike to his factory every day.The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.We call the snowman Mr Strong.The snowman is called Mr Strong.We usually hear him play in the next roo
13、m.He is usually heard to play in the next room.2.They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them)last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词过去分词He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.His friend was bought some fruits yesterday.Some fruits were bought for his friend yesterday.4Ab
14、y can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情态动词：情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词He can carry the basket easily.The basket can be easily carried by him.They can sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.“We must put them in the fridge.The dogs th
15、ought.“They must be put in the fridge.The dogs thought.3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词过去分词They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.Some workers are painting the rooms
16、 nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词They are holding a sports meeting now.A sports meeting is being held(by them)now.We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词Workers have built the house since two years ago.The house has been built since two years ago.We had received many letters by the end of last week.Many letters had been received by the end of last week.They would have a party
