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1、非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念 在句子中不是谓语的动词）非谓语形式有三种：1.动词不定式：to do表示目的和将来2、动词的ing（动名词）：doing表示主动和进行3.动词的过去分词：done表示被动和完成二、非谓语使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下,还有一个动词出现。She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.There have been several new events adde
2、d to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.三、非谓语动词的时态和语态不定式ing形式过去分词不定式ing形式过去分词一般式主动to do被动 to be done主动doing被动 being done done完成式to have doneto have been done having done having been done进行式to be doing四、非谓语动词的做题步骤:1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动
3、关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常 用done;之后常用to do;同时常用doing。-、作主语 （不定式和动名词作主语）不定式作主语表示具体动作。 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件的事或经验，不定式通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting.To finish the task will take a long time.Smoking is bad for your health.S
4、moking so much is bad for your health.It only took me five minutes to finish the job.1)is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk动名词作主语的类型：置于句首Smoking is bad for your health.It 作 形式主语：It is no use telling him not to worry.常见结构：it is dangerous your swi
5、mming here.It is no use asking her advice.It is a waste of time discussing such matters.不定式作主语的类型：置于句首:To finish the task will take a long time.It作形式主语：常见结构：it is +adj.+of/for sb. to doIt is necessary for him to return the book.It is clever of you to have invented such a device.难点1：动名词的复合结构作主语当动名词有自
6、己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构（这 时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语），动名词的复合结构页可以在句中作主语Their coming to help us was a great encouragement to us.难点2：不定式、动名词的时态和语态It is an honor fbr me to be asked to speak here.It is clever of you to have invented such a device.Being awarded with a Nobel Prize is a great hono
7、r.翻译：1 ,处理这些问题全凭经验。（2009-76）.做户外运动能使我们从工作和生活的压力中摆脱出来并使我们更有活力（2008写作）。（freefrom）2 .对他们来说从网上购物很方便。（2009写作-shopping online）二作表语1）、不定式、动名词作表语，表示主语的内容。如：My job is teaching English.My job is to teach English, （teaching / to teach English 是 my job 的内容）2）、分词作表语：记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语：现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表
8、示主 语的状态。常用动词：surprising （令人吃惊），surprised （主语）感到吃惊）类似动词有：excite （激动），disappoint （失望），move （感动）等V-ing与Ved作表语的区别（1） The football game is very（bore）（2） We were（bore） at the football game.） She felt rather that she shouldnt drive the car at such aspeed.A. frightening, frighteningB. frightened, frightened
9、C. frightening, frightenedD. frightened, frightening还可用在seem/ remain （仍然是，尚待）等连系动词后作表语难点：非谓语动词的的时态和语态如： He seemed （to be ） very happy.He seems to have read the book before.The question remains to be solved.1） It remains whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals（决赛）.A. seen B. to be seen C. s
10、eeing D. to see2) Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing. but we seem the art of communicating face-to-face.A. Losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost3) In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. t
11、o have stuck4) The engine just wont start. Something seems wrong with it.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone三(不定式、动名词)作宾语My sister likes but she doesnt like this afternoon.A. swimming . to swimB. to swim . swimmingC. swimming . to swimmingD. swim . Swimming1、有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语：(教材46页)决心学会想希
12、望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动容许选计划，同意请求帮一帮。2、有些及物动词常用动名词作宾语：(教材49页)考虑建议盼原谅，成认推迟没得想。防止错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。另，动名词也作介词的宾语，构成介词短语，在句中作定语，状语或表语Mans dream of flying in space has come true.接动名词的短语：spend / waste time . in doing sth.在花费或浪费时间或钱have some difficulty /trouble / problems( in )doing 在做 有困难 look forward to
13、 盼望，de vote. to 致力于、献身于，be used to 习 惯于等难点：动名词的时态(1)动名词的一般式(v.ing)表示的动作通常与谓语动词的动作同时或其后发生Children enjoy watching cartoons.Do you remember cutting rice on the farm?(2)动名词的完成式(having-done)表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生He is proud of having won the first prize.I regret having told her the news.动名词的被动语态当动名词逻辑上的主语时动名词所表示
14、的动作对象时，动名词要用它的被动式。(being done/ having been done)I remember being taken to the zoo.I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.48. Those who felt like the story again came over and added themselves to the audience. (2007-29)A. being heard B. to be heard C. to hearD. hearing1) No one
15、 likes in public.A. to laugh atB. laughing at C. being laughed at D. to be laughed2) . The manager is considering another secretary.A. to hireB. hiring C. to take on D. to employ3) As a new driver, I have to practise the car in my small garage again and again.A. parking B. to parkC. parkedD. park4) The student entered the office without.A. being asked B. asking C. ask D. to be asked5) 25. The young man still denies the fire behind the store. (2008-25)A.to start B. to starting C. having started D. having been started6) 39.1 appreciate to your home. (201
