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1、第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第十六节构词法(一) 常见的构词法构词法主要方式例词转化法 (把一种词性用作另一种词性，而词形不变) 名词动词rain雨下雨形容词动词clean干净的打扫形容词名词Chinese中国的中国人动词名词cook烹饪厨师合成法 (把两个独立的单词合在一起构成新词) 名词名词bookshelfbookshelf副词名词upstairsupstairs副词动词overcomeovercome名词形容词homesickhomesick派生法 (在词前或词后加前缀或后缀构成新词) 前缀词根unimportantunimportant词根后缀visitorvisitor1(
2、二) 前缀前缀意思例词前缀意思例词re-再，重复retellen-使可能enableanti-反对，防止anti-wartele-远程telephonesuper-超级的supermanin-不，非inexpensiveim-不impoliteil-不，非illegalir-不，无irregularun-不unhappynon-不，非non-smokerdis-不，无dishonestmis-错误的mistake2(三) 后缀词类后缀例词名词-er，-or/-n，-an，-ian/-ese/-ing/-ist/-ment/-ness/-ship/-th/-ion，-tion，-ation/-t
3、yinventor，musician，Chinese，shopping，artist，development，happiness，friendship，truth，education，safety形容词-able/-al/-ed/-en/-ern/-ing/-ive/-ful/-less/-ly/-ous/-yenjoyable，natural，surprised，wooden，southern，surprising，active，useful，friendly，famous，sunny数词-teen/-ty/-thfifteen，forty，ninth副词-lytruly，happily3第
4、三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第十四节并列句并列句：简单句并列连词简单句类型并列连词类型并列连词表平行and，both.and.，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，as well as表转折but，yet(然而)，while (而)表选择or，not.but.(不是而是)，either.or.(要么要么) 表因果as，for，so6考点并列句(2016中考改编) The story is_and all of us are_in it.()Ainterest；interestingBinteresting；interestCinteresting；intere
5、stedC7第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第十四节并列句并列句：简单句并列连词简单句类型并列连词类型并列连词表平行and，both.and.，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，as well as表转折but，yet(然而)，while (而)表选择or，not.but.(不是而是)，either.or.(要么要么) 表因果as，for，so10考点并列句(2016中考改编) The story is_and all of us are_in it.()Ainterest；interestingBinteresting；interestCinterestin
6、g；interestedC11第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第十五节复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子叫复合句。 分为宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。(一)宾语从句：在句子中起宾语作用的从句。时态(1)主句是过去时，从句用相应的过去时态 (客观真理除外)(2)主句是一般现在时，从句的时态根据具体情况确定语序从句一律用陈述语序，即“主语谓语”连接词(1)that无实际含义，可省略(2)what，when，where，how，who，whom和whose等疑问词变为连接词(3)if，whether 的含义为“是否”人称一(第一人称)随主，二随宾，三不变14(二)定语从句：在句中作定
7、语，修饰一个名词或代词的从句关系代/副词用法共同点who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语who，which，that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略which只能指物，在从句中作主语或宾语that (指人时相当于who，指物时相当于which) (1)先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时(2)先行词被the only，all，any，no，the last，just，the very等修饰时(3)先行词是something，anything，nothing，everything，little，few，many，all，no，none，等时where指地点，在从句中作状语：I like the place w
8、here the weather is warm.15(三)状语从句：在句中作状语，修饰主句中的谓语、形容词或副词等的从句。从句类型从句的引导词从句类型从句的引导词时间状语从句when，while，before，after，until，since，as soon as原因状语从句because，as，since，for条件状语从句if，unless，as/so long as (只要) 结果状语从句so.that.，such.that.目的状语从句so that，in order that比较状语从句than，as.as.，not as/so.as.让步状语从句though/although，
9、even if/though，whatever，whenever.地点状语从句where，wherever16that 和which用法口诀(定语从句中)that，which可互换，下列情况不替换。that情况比较多，不妨对你说一说。不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错。先行词前被限制，千万不要用which。要用which别着急，介词提前逗隔离。17(四)复合句考点1宾语从句两考点1)必须是陈述句语序；2)除客观真理外，从句时态要和主句时态一致。Would you please tell me where the writer lives?She said she had seen this m
10、ovie before.My grandma once told me that the sun rises in the east.2think, believe, suppose, expect 的宾语从句要“否定转移”。I dont think he will come back at once.(我认为他不会立刻回来。)183not.until 直到才I didnt go to bed until my mom came back last night.4结果状语从句so adj. thatShe is so lovely a girl that we like her very mu
11、ch.sucha/anadj.n.thatShe is such a lovely girl that we like her very much.5so.that.的否定结构可与too.to./not.enough to do相互替换。He is so young that he cant write or read.He is too young to write or read.He isnt old enough to write or read.196if, unless引导的条件状语从句和when，as soon as引导的时间状语从句谓语动词要遵循“主将从现”原则。Ill giv
12、e you a call as soon as I get to Kunming.He wont pass the finalexam unless he studies hard.7since 引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句常用过去时。The foreign teacher has taught us since he came to China.20考点一状语从句1(2016中考改编)_ you have tried it on，you cant imagine how pretty the new style skirt is.()ABecauseBAlthoughCUnle
13、ss2(2016中考改编)You bought the car about ten years ago?Yes._ its old，it still runs well.()ABecauseBSinceCAlthough3(2016中考改编)We will climb the mountain tomorrow_it doesnt rain. ()Aif BalthoughCsinceCCA214(2016中考改编)I can still remember meeting her at a party_it was a long time ago.()Abecause BthoughCunti
14、l5(2016中考改编)Jane，please turn off the lights_you leave the classroom.()AafterBbeforeCuntilBB22考点二宾语从句1(2016中考改编)I wonder_.Im afraid well be late.()Ahow we can be on timeBwhat we are going to doCif we will arrive at the meeting on time2(2016中考改编)Could you please tell me_？Sorry，you can turn to Mr Lee f
15、or help.()Ahow long can man live without waterBwhether Yao Ming would play for Rockets or notChow I can keep myself safe from the fluCC233(2016中考改编)The exchange students will leave soon.We had better ask our monitor_a farewell party.()Awhen will we haveBwhen we will haveCwhen we would have4(2016中考改编
16、) Would you please tell me_？At 10：00 this evening.()Awhen will the train leaveBwhen the train will leaveCwhen does the train leaveBB245(2016中考改编)Can you tell me_on the Internet?OK，mom.()Ahow can I use QQBwhere can I use QQChow I can use QQC25考点三定语从句1(2016中考改编)I hate people_dont help others when they are in trouble.()AwhoBwhichCwhose2(2016中考改编)Who is the man_is reading a book over there？()Athat BwhichCwhose3(2016中考改编)Who is your new head teacher this semester?The woman_is wearing a red skirt.()Aw
