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1、呼啸山庄：一部女性哥特小说_英美文学论文 AbstractWutheringHeightsistheonlynovelbyEmilyBront,anEnglishwomanwriterinthe19thcentury.Alsoitisapieceofexquisiteworksoftheworldsliterature,whichdisplaysaseaofGothiccolors.ThispapertriestomakearesearchontheproductionofWutheringHeights,basingonGothictraditionofEuropeanandAmerican
2、literature.EmilyBrontmakesuseofandbreaksthroughGothictraditioninthefacetsoftheportrayalofthecharactersandtheuseofimage.Drawingonherextraordinaryimagination,EmilysucceedsinmergingrealitywithGothictechniqueslikesymbolism,terror,andmystery,inputsthepassionatefeelingsandenergyintotheoldmodes,andperfectl
3、yunitestheGothicformwithpassionatecontents.ThethesisaimsatdiggingoutsomehiddenimplicationsinthenovelfromanewanddifferentperspectivetoprovidethereaderwithmoreenlightenmentandspeculationandtriesatthesametimetohelpthereadersrereadthisnovelfromtheangleofFemaleGothicbydisplayingthesurrealisticdescription
4、ofthedevilishcharactersandthenightmares. KeyWordsWutheringHeights;FemaleGothicnovel;devilishcharacters;nightmares 【摘要】呼啸山庄是19世纪英国女作家艾米莉勃朗特的惟一的一部小说，也是世界文学园地中的一朵奇葩，其中展现了大量的哥特色彩。本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究呼啸山庄的创作，作家艾米莉在人物形象和意象等方面都借鉴了哥特传统并有所突破；她凭借超乎寻常的想象力，将现实与象征、恐怖、神秘等哥特手法完美地结合在一起，给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感和活力，达到哥特形式与激情内容的完美统
5、一。笔者试图从一个新的角度女性哥特来挖掘出呼啸山庄中尚未被挖掘出的一些新的意蕴和内涵。同时也希望通过展示魔鬼式人物和梦魇的超现实主义描写，使我们能够从女性哥特的角度解读这部小说。 【关键词】呼啸山庄；女性哥特小说；魔鬼式人物；梦魇 1.Introduction EmilyBrontisanEnglishwomanwriterofsuperbtalentduringtheVictorianAge.SheiswellknownforheronlynovelWutheringHeights,astrangeandpowerfulbook,saidbymanytobethefinestnovelint
6、heEnglishlanguage.Yetshortlyafterthedesolateandshockingmasterpiececomesout,itisattackedandblamedtobefloodedwithmorbidpsychologyandpaganism.“Anyonewhodidreaditwasrepulsedbythebrutalityandviolenceofthecharacters”1andbythefactthatitdifferedsomuchfromtheromanticnovelsoftheday.TheydonotwantrealismasEmily
7、depictsit,andtheydonotwantwild,fierceantiheroeslikeHeathcliff-whoismorelikeavillain-orwillful,passionateheroineslikeCatherineEarnshaw.Andthatisthereasonwhysheiskeptawayfromthemainstreamofthenineteenthcenturyliterature,anddonotreceiveherfairfameuntilthecomingofthetwentiethcentury.BothEmilyandherworks
8、aremysteriousandunique.TherearevariousapproachesappliedbythecriticstostudyWutheringHeightsfromtheaspectsofthetheme,thewritingtechnique,loveandrevenge,andsoon.However,thereishardlyanyattempttoresearchWutheringHeightsbycombiningitsGothiccontextwiththefeministviewpoint.Inviewofthisblank,theauthoristryi
9、ngtorereadthisworkasaFemaleGothicnovelmainlybasedonthefollowingthreefacets:Firstly,inthehistoryofEnglishliteraturetheearlyGothicnovelsoriginatedinthelatterhalfoftheeighteenthcentury.Itwasopportunethatthewholestoryhappened,developed,andendedintheperiodfrom1771to1802.Atthattime,theEnglishGothicnovelsw
10、erecatchingonlikefirethroughoutthecountry.WiththedevelopmentofGothicnovelspeoplegraduallyforgottheearlyGothicnovels.YetfromtheBrontsistersJaneEyreandWutheringHeightswecanstillfindtheGothicfeaturesevidently.Secondly,sincetheIndustrialRevolutioninthesecondhalfoftheeighteenthcentury,theclassstructurean
11、dpeopleswayoflivinginEnglishsocietyhadundergoneradicalchanges.Peoplethenweretiredoftheoldlivingmodeandexpectedsomethingnovelandpleasing,whichformedthesocialbasisfortheproductionofGothicnovels.Finally,therearecountlessculturaltiesbetweenWutheringHeightsanditsauthor.“Strongerthanaman,simplerthanachild
12、.”2CharlotteBrontusesthesewordstodescribeher.Emilyisthetrulyfreespiritofthefamily,onewhocouldnotliveawayfromherbelovedextensivethoughdangerousandbleakmoors-Haworth.HerfatherisofIrishstockandfamousforhisfluentspeechandimagination.HeplaysaveryimportantroleinshapingEmilyscharacterandgenius-“thetemperam
13、entoftheIrish-melancholy,passionate,proud,restless,eloquent,andwittyandtheMethodistreligiousfervorandenthusiasmshownbythefollowersofJohnWesley.”3Besides“environmentalsoplayeditspartincreatingtheuniquenessofEmilyBront.ThevillageofHaworthwasveryisolatedandintenselyYorkshireandthepeoplelivingtherewerei
14、nstrongcontrasttotheCeltictemperament.Theywereblunt,practical,stubborn,sparingofspeech,vigorous,andharshtothepointofbrutality.”4TheproductofthemoorsexaltsthespiritofEmilyandfillshersoulwiththeloveofliberty.AnotherfactorthatinfluencesEmilyscharacterisherbrother,Branwell,theonetowhomEmilyhasalwaysbeen
15、closest.BranwellsfallingpreytodrinkanddrugsalmostmakesEmilysheartbroken.Becauseofhisdeath,Emilyneverleavesthehouseagainandinsistsonkeepingupherregularroundofduties.AfewmonthsafterBranwellsdeath,Emilydiesattheageofthirty. Inconclusion,EmilyBront“usedthestarkYorkshiresetting,nottocreatesuspenseandhorr
16、or,asinthetypicalGothicnovel,butasanaturalpartofherstory.”5Ononehand,shecarriesontheGothictraditioninhercreationofthenovel.Ontheotherhand,shehasnotjustemployedthemodebutpromotessomeimprovementsinthisoldtradition.SheusedtheskillofFemaleGothicinherwritingofthenovel.Inthefollowing,theauthoristryingtomakeastudyonWutheringHeightsfromtheaspectsofthedevilishcharactersandtheterrifyingnightmares. 2.FromGothicnoveltoFemaleGothicnovel InstudyingW
