广西城乡成人居民超重与肥胖流行病学研究_医学论文 【摘要】 目的 了解广西城乡成人超重、肥胖患病流行特征及其相关危险因素方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,抽取南宁、钦州、贺州、河池市4个市和天等、巴马、靖西、忻城4个县,每个县市再分别抽取3个乡镇和街道,每个乡镇(街道)再整群随机抽取2个村(居委会):按单纯随机抽样原则,在每村(居委会)抽取90户,以其中18岁以上成人为调查对象按照《2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查工作手册》,对其进行调查和分析结果 广西城乡成年居民BMI平均水平为21.72±3.18,其中城市居民BMI为22.59±3.36,显著高于农村(20.83±2.69,P<0.01);成年居民超重率、肥胖率分别为17.51%和4.16%,其中,城市居民超重率、肥胖率分别为24.78%、6.60%显著高于农村(10.05%、1.59%)(P<0.01);城市男性居民肥胖率和农村女性居民超重率不同年龄组发病无显著差别,而城乡其他性别居民的肥胖和超重率均随年龄的增加而升高,农村18~29岁青壮年居民超重率达8.67%,已接近城市同年龄组水平单因素分析显示超重、肥胖与高年龄、高学历、轻体力活动等因素有关,而Loqistic回归模型多因素显示年龄、轻体力和高收入是城市居民超重、肥胖的共同的危险因素,而高收入、高中以上学历和汉族则是农村居民超重、肥胖的共同危险因素。
结论 广西居民尤其是城市居民成人超重、肥胖流行严重,农村青壮年居民超重已接近城市居民;急需通过健康教育和健康促进,以提高城乡居民防治超重、肥胖的行为和技能,增强体力活动和注意改善脂肪摄入与能量平衡,尤其重要 【关键词】 超重;肥胖;流行病学;危险因素The epidemiological analysis of body overweigght and obesity in Guangxi urban and rural adult residents【Abstract】 Objective To explore the current prevalence status of body overweight,obesity and with correlative dangerous factors in urban and rural adults of Guangxi.Methods Using the multistage stratified randomized cluster sampling way, 4 cities of Nanning,Qinzhou,Hezhou,Hechi and 4 counties of Tiandeng,Jingxi,Bama,Xincheng, 3 towns or streets were selected from each of cities or counties,2 villages or denizen committees were selected from each of towns or streets, 90 households were selected from each of villages or denizen committees with cluster randomized sampling way afterwards.The person who aged above 18 years old were investigated and analyzed by the unified ways of “Handbook of the Nation and Health Status os the Chinese People in 2002”.Results The mean adults BMI in Guangxi was 21.72±3.18, the BMI in urban (22.59±3.36) was significantly higher than that in rural(20.83±2.69,P<0.01).The prevalence rate was 17.51% for body overweight and 4.16% for obesity.The prevalence rate of body overweight and obesity in urban(24.78% and 6.60% respectively) was significantly higher than that in rural(10.05%、1.59% respectively, P<0.01). Excepting the urban male prevalence rate of obesity and the rural female prevalence rate of body overweight in different aged group had not significant, others prevalence rate of body overweight and obesity in urban and rural show appareent higher with the age increasing. The prevalence rate of body overweight aged 18~29 years older in rural was 8.67%,which closed to that in same age group in urban. The single factors analisys show that the overweight or obesity people had significantly correlation with age, high-class education,light physical activity.In Logistic regression model, the age,light physical activity,high income was collective dangerous factors for he overweight or obesity in urban,and that the high income, senior high school education and over,Chinese nation was collective dangerous factors in rural. Conclusion The prevalence rate of body overweight,obesity was severity in in Guangxi adults, especially in urban, and the prevalence rate of body overweight in young and middle age people in rural was closed to that in urban inhabitants.It is very important by health education, health promotion, to boosting the skill of provent and treat body overweight and obesity for the urban and rural inhabitants, to increasing physical activity and pay attention to improving the intake of fat and oil,keeping the energy balance. 【Key words】 body overweight;obesity;epidemiology;dangerous factor超重、肥胖与多种慢性疾病发生密切相关,成为当今社会重要公共卫生问题,预防和控制超重、肥胖已成为政府和全社会刻不容缓的任务。
为了了解广西城乡居民超重、肥胖患病流行病学特征及其主要危险因素,以便为有效开展防治工作提供科学依据,我们于2002年对广西城乡成年居民进行了超重、肥胖流行病学调查研究,现报告如下1 对象与方法1.1 对象 采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,分别抽取3个乡镇和街道,每个乡镇(街道)再整群随机抽取2个村(居委会);按单纯随机抽样原则,在每村(居委会)抽取3个群,每群30户,共计90户,以其中18岁及以上成人作为调查对象1.2 方法1.2.1 调查内容 由经过统一培训的调查员进行入户调查 ,包括调查对象的基本情况,并测定身高与体重,计算体重指数(BMI)1.2.2 测量方法 体重:采用标准体重秤进行测量,精确度为0.1kg;身高:采用SZF-1型的身高坐高计进行测量,精确度为0.1cm1.3 超重、肥胖判定标准[1] 按照中国标准,18.5≤BMI<24 为正常;24 ≤BMI<28 为超重;BMI≥28 为肥胖1.4 质量控制 身高\\体重测量方法按照国际统一方法进行,所有测量员参加统一培训及考试,持合格证上岗;所有体重计在使用前均需通过计量部门认证;所有测量取值为2次测量值的平均值;省级质量控制工作组每天对调查点的身高、体重、腰围进行抽查复核测量。
1.5 统计学方法 数据均由专人用计算机进行双录入,对所有数据进行详细核查,查出有误的调查表,经调查人员核实改正后重新录入采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析2 调查结果2.1 基本情况 调查18岁及以上年龄成年人8686人,其中城市4398人,占50.6%,农村4288人,占49.4%;男性3730人,占42.9%,女性4956人,占57.1%城乡居民总的超重率、肥胖率分别为12.53%(标化率12.90%)、3.40%(标化率2.55%),其中城市居民超重率24.78%(标化率22.10%)、肥胖率6.66%(标化率6.04%),均显著高于农村超重率10.05%(标化率9.95%)、肥胖率1.59%(标化1.40%)2.2 城乡居民BMI分布情况 调查显示,城市居民BMI平均为22.95±3.36,农村为20.83±2.69,城市显著高于农村(F=717.88, P<0.001);城乡男性居民为21.84±3.13,女性为21.64±3.20,男性明显高于女性(F=717.88, P<0.001)城乡男女居民不同年龄组之间BMI差异有显著性(P<0.01),城市居民以50~59岁、农村以40~49岁组BMI值最大。
见表1表1 广西城乡居民不同年龄性别人群BMI均数分布情况 注:单因素方差分析,城乡男性BMI均值F=227.053,P<0.001;城乡女性F=501.272,P<0.001 2.3 城乡居民不同性别年龄人群超重、肥胖患病情况 调查显示,除城市男性肥胖率和农村女性超重率无年龄性别显著差异外,其他人群均呈现随着年龄增长超重、肥胖均呈上升趋势,尤其从30岁增加明显,其中城市居民50~59岁更是超重高发年龄段,而农村青壮年(18~49岁)超重率高发问题也要引起足够重视2.4 城乡居民不同民族、文化人群超重、肥胖情况 调查显示,城市居民超重、肥胖率以除壮族以外的其他少数民族最高达33.11%、11.26%,而农村汉族居民超重、肥胖率分别为20.47%和5.51%,均显著高于壮族和其他少数民族;城市居民超重和农村居民超重、肥胖率均呈现随着学历增高而上升的趋势,但城市居民肥胖率在不同学历之间无明显差异见表3、表4表2 广西城乡居民不同性别年龄人群超重、肥胖患病情况表3 广西城乡居民不同民族人群超重。