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1、Grammar of Unit 9Grammar of Unit 9 InversionInversion 在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时为了语是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时为了语法结构的需要，或者是为了强调，谓语法结构的需要，或者是为了强调，谓语的的全部全部或一或一部分部分却提到主语前面，这种却提到主语前面，这种语序叫做倒装。语序叫做倒装。 倒装可分为倒装可分为a.a.全部倒装全部倒装 b.b.部分倒装部分倒装 倒装倒装 ( (Inversion):Inversion):、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连
2、系动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后的句子，叫后的句子，叫部分倒装句部分倒装句。Onlythendidherealizethathewaswrong.英语倒装句分为两种英语倒装句分为两种：、整个谓语在前的句子，叫、整个谓语在前的句子，叫完全倒装完全倒装。Herecomesthecar.Inversion(倒装句倒装句)若有主从句，哪句倒装。部分倒装还是完全倒装。A. 完全倒装完全倒装There be +There be +主语主语There livedThere lived an old man in the mountain. an old man i
3、n the mountain.There stoodThere stood an old tree front of the house an old tree front of the houseThereThere still still existexist some problems some problems 1.2. here/there/now/then + vi. +主语主语 out/in/up/down/away 在句首，表强调在句首，表强调eg: 1. Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. Now comes your turn.
4、 Out went the children.注注：代词做主语时，主谓语序不变：代词做主语时，主谓语序不变Here you are.Here it is.In he comes. 副词副词 + 动词动词+ 主语主语 副词副词 + 代词代词+ 动词动词3. 句首状语为表示地点的介词词组句首状语为表示地点的介词词组。eg: From the valley came a frightening sound. South of the city lies a big steel factory. 介词短语介词短语 + 谓语谓语 + 主语主语谓语通常是谓语通常是be,stand,sit,lie等动词。等
5、动词。4.直接引语的全部或一部分在句首时。直接引语的全部或一部分在句首时。l“Doyouthinkmyclothesfitwell?”askedtheemperor.MrsmithsaidMary,“MayIborrowyourpen?注意：注意：主语是代词时，不用倒装。主语是代词时，不用倒装。“Whereareyougoing?”heasked.5. 表语置于句首表语置于句首。1)形容词形容词+系动词系动词+主语主语 Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests. 2) 过去分词过去分词+系动词系动词+主语
6、主语 Gone are the days. 3) 介词短语介词短语+be+主语主语 Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers and toys.6. 为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，为为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，为 了使上下文紧密衔接。了使上下文紧密衔接。a. Inside the Pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.b. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.B. 部分
7、倒装部分倒装1.用于疑问句用于疑问句 Do you understand it?2. 用于省略用于省略if的虚拟语气条件状语从句的虚拟语气条件状语从句。 Had you received your lessons, you might have passed the exam. Were I to do the work, I should do it some other way. Should I be free tomorrow, I could go with you.3. adj./n./v. +as 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句Try as he would, he mig
8、ht fail again.Pretty as she is, she is not clever.=Though she is pretty, she is not clever.Child as he was, he had to make a living.= Though he was a child, he had to make a living.4. So, Nor, Neither开头的句子，表示重复前句部分开头的句子，表示重复前句部分 内容，谓语时态，形式与前句一致。内容，谓语时态，形式与前句一致。He has been to Beijing. So have I .Pete
9、r cant answer the question. Neither can I . so/nor/neither+助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词/ 系动词系动词+主语主语单数可数名词作表语提前不用冠词单数可数名词作表语提前不用冠词当前面的句子中主语、谓语或肯否定形式不同时，当前面的句子中主语、谓语或肯否定形式不同时， 则用则用soitiswith.句型来表示。句型来表示。 Tomlikessinging,buthedoesntlikedancing.SoitiswithMary.Tomiscleverandhestudieshard.SoitiswithMary.如果后一个句子只是单纯的重
10、复前面句子的意思，如果后一个句子只是单纯的重复前面句子的意思，则不倒装。则不倒装。“Itishottoday.”“Soitis.”“Hefinisheditontime.”“Sohedid.”5.用于用于no soonerthan; hardlywhen（只倒主句，主句一般用过去完成时而从句用过去时。只倒主句，主句一般用过去完成时而从句用过去时。）,not until （只倒主句）（只倒主句） 句型中。句型中。 Not until the teacher came did he finish his work. No sooner had she gone out than the telep
11、hone rang. Hardly had I sat when he stepped in.6. never, hardly, seldom, scarcely(几乎不几乎不), barely, little, often, at no time, not only （只倒前面）（只倒前面）等词放在句首。等词放在句首。Little did he know who the woman was.Never shall I do this again.Not only is better education important for improving ourselves but also it
12、 is important for developing our society.但是当连接主语时不倒装但是当连接主语时不倒装 NotonlyhebutalsoIhavekeptthesecret.7. 用于用于only开头的句子；开头的句子；(修饰副词，介词短语或修饰副词，介词短语或 状语从句）状语从句）,主句主句要倒装。要倒装。Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.Only in this way can you master English.Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he
13、 was in.注：注：only修饰主语时，不倒装修饰主语时，不倒装.Onlyhecandothiswork.8.sothat/suchthat中中 so+adj./adv或或such提前到句首时，此部分用倒装语序提前到句首时，此部分用倒装语序. . Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.Insuchahurrydidheleavethatheforgettolockthedoor.9.9.在以在以often,always,once,manyatime,nowandthen,everyotherday, , 等作状语
14、的频度副等作状语的频度副词位于句首时。词位于句首时。OftendidIspeakofhimbefore.Manyatimehashehelpedmewithmyexperiment.Look at the following sentences1.Wewillnotbeabletoimprovethesituationuntilweknowmore.-Notuntilweknowmorewillwebeabletoimprovethesituation.2.ChinasthenPremierZhuRongji,whostressedtheneedforequalityandfairnessin
15、theworldwasamongthespeakers.-AmongthespeakerswasChinasthenPremierZhuRongji,whostressedtheneedforequalityandfairnessintheworld.3.Wewonthaveenoughdrinkingwateruntilwestoppollutingourlakesandrivers.4.Sustainabledevelopmentcanbepossibleonlywithinternationalcooperation.5.Weseldomthinkofthesmallchangestha
16、twecandotomakeabigdifference.-Notuntilwestoppollutingourlakesandriverswillwehaveenoughdrinkingwater. - Onlywithinternationalcooperationcansustainabledevelopmentbepossible. - Seldomdowethinkofthesmallchangesthatwecandotomakeabigdifference.6.Wecansavetheearthonlybychangingthewaywelive.Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.7.TheEarthSummitisnotonlyaplacetotalkaboutproblems,butalsoaplacetofindsolutionsforthefuture.NotonlyistheEarthSummitaplacetotalkaboutproblems,butalsoaplacetofindsolutionsfor
