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1、2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 翻译题当前，国际形势正在发生深刻而复杂的变化。和平、发展、合作是当今时代的主旋律。世界多极化和经济全球化的趋势深入发展，科技进步日新月异，区域合作方兴未艾，各国相互依存不断加深，这些都为世界各国带来了难得的发展机遇。同时，全球发展不均衡，南北差距拉大，传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁相互交织，影响世界和平与发展的不稳定不确定因素增多，广大发展中国家实现可持续发展面临着严峻挑战。中国是最大的发展中国家，非洲是发展中国家最集中的大陆，中国和非洲的人口占世界人口三分之一以上。没有中国和非洲的和平与发展，就没有世界的和平与发展。【答案】【
2、参考译文】At present, the international situation is undergoing profound and complex changes. Peace, development and cooperation are the themes of the present era. The trend of world multi-polarization and economic globalization is developing further, the progress in science and technology is changing wi
3、th each passing day, the regional cooperation is making robust progress, and the interdependence between each nation goes further. All these have created rare development opportunities for the international community. At the same time, imbalance in global development, widening gap between North and
4、South, the combination of traditional and non-traditional security threats as well as increasing factors of instability and uncertainty standing in the way of peace and development all pose a daunting challenge to developing countries in their pursuit of sustainable development.China is the largest
5、developing country in the world, and Africa is home to the largest number of developing countries in the world. Our combined population accounts for over a third of the world total population. Without peace and development in China and Africa, there will be no global peace and development.2. 单选题In m
6、ost countries, the law on organ transplantation is poorly defined, as legislation has not yet been created to cope with this advance in surgery. The existing framework relating to physical assault and care of the dead has no provision for organ transplantation. It is customary to ask the permission
7、of the relatives, but because organ removal must take place immediately after death, it may be impossible to reach the relatives in time. It has been suggested that there should be a widespread campaign to encourage persons to provide in their wills that their organs be used for transplantation. An
8、alternative is to provide by law that permission is assumed unless removal has been forbidden by the individual in his lifetime. Such laws have been passed in Denmark, France, Sweden, Italy, and Israel. Compulsory postmortem examination, a far more extensive procedure than organ removal for grafting
9、, is required in most countries after unexpected death, and this compulsion is not a matter of public concern and debate.There would seem to be no reason why organ removal for transplantation purposes should not also be acceptable to public opinion, provided there is a mechanism by which individuals
10、 in their lifetime can refuse this permission. This, of course, requires an efficient register of those who indicate their refusal; the register would be consulted before any organs would be removed. It is important that there be public reassurance that consideration of transplantation would not imp
11、air normal resuscitative efforts of the potential donor.Transplantation has obviously raised important ethical considerations concerning the diagnosis of death, and particularly, how far resuscitation should be continued. Every effort must be made to restore the heartbeat to someone who has had a su
12、dden cardiac arrest or breathing to someone who cannot breathe. Artificial respiration and massage of the heart, the standard methods of resuscitation, are continued until it is clear that the brain is dead. Most physicians consider that beyond this point efforts at resuscitation are useless.1.Accor
13、ding to the author, which of the following is NOT true?2.Which of the following is NOT a suggestion made in the passage?3.The word “impair” at the end of Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by（ ）.4.It is believed that efforts at resuscitation are useless when（ ）.5.Which of the following sentences can b
14、est sum up the passage?问题1选项A.Most countries do not have an effective law on organ transplantationB.The traditional ways of asking for permission of relatives for organ removal dos not proved to be always feasibleC.It is hard to understand why people should remain silent on compulsory postmortem exa
15、m after unexpected death.D.In some countries these are laws providing that the permission of organ removal is taken for granted unless it has been refused by the person in his lifetime.问题2选项A.People should be encouraged to donate their organs after deathB.Organ removal should be permitted in the cou
16、rse of compulsory postmortem exam.C.Organ removal for transplantation should be advocated because it benefits the human societyD.Organ removal for transplantation could be considered legal unless the dead person stated otherwise in his life time.问题3选项A.neglectB.weakenC.come together withD.be superior to问题4选项A.artificial respiration and massage of the heart have
