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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题The rule will no longer permit us to use as evidence statements that have been obtained using cruel, inhuman, or degrading interrogation methods.问题1选项A.punchingB.disturbingC.questioningD.rejecting【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. punching 拳打，以拳痛击 B. disturbing 打扰，干扰C. questi
2、oning 正式提问，质询 D. rejecting 拒绝接受，不予考虑【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】interrogation的意思为“审问”，这里指不能用残忍、不人道或有辱人格的审讯方法，questioning与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】该规则不再允许我们使用通过残忍、不人道或有辱人格的审讯方法获得的证词作为证据。2. 填空题People with depression may have low self-esteem, a sense of hopelessness about the future, and a lack
3、of interest in people and activities once found _. (pleasure)【答案】pleasurable【解析】【考查点】形容词。【解题思路】once found _是修饰people and activities的后置定语，指的是曾经让抑郁症患者感到愉快的人和活动，横线所在内容修饰people and activities，应为形容词，pleasurable的意思为“愉快的”，符合语境。【句意】抑郁症患者可能自尊心较低，对未来感到绝望，对曾经令其愉快的人和活动缺乏兴趣。3. 填空题It is precisely this kind of con
4、versation which is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level. A B C D【答案】B which改为that【解析】【考查点】强调句。【解题思路】It isthat为强调句，此题强调这种对话的重要性，引导词用that。【句意】当我们想方设法提高阅读能力，以匹配更高的学习水平和随之而来的新要求时，这种对话尤为重要。4. 单选题The department
5、said that the proposed $39 billion transaction would substantially lessen competition for mobile wireless telecommunications services across the United States.问题1选项A.obscureB.promoteC.discloseD.reduce【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. obscure 使模糊，使隐晦 B. promote 促进，推动C. disclose 揭露，透露 D. reduce 减少，缩小（尺寸、数量、价格等）【答案】D【
6、考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】lessen的意思为“（使）变小，减弱，减轻”，和competition构成动宾搭配关系，指的是移动无线电信服务的竞争会因为这笔交易而减轻，reduce与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。【句意】该部门表示，拟议的390亿美元交易将大大减少全美移动无线电信服务的竞争。5. 单选题Facing-port industry has become the basic pillar of economic strength in developed countries and promoted the formation of inte
7、rnational production.问题1选项A.circumstanceB.motivationC.backboneD.initiative【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. circumstance 条件，环境 B. motivation 动力C. backbone 支柱，骨干，基础 D. initiative 主动性，积极性【答案】C【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】pillar的意思为“核心，基础，支柱”，临港工业是发达国家经济实力的基本核心，backbone与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】临港工业已成为发达国家经济实力的基本支柱，促
8、进了国际化大生产方式的形成。6. 填空题A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate planning activities, compared to about one third of U.S. companies. It may not be longwhen London replaces New York as the capital A B C Dof PR.【答案】D when改为before【解析】【考查点】从句。【
9、解题思路】D部分到句子结尾是时间状语从句，表示用不了多久伦敦就会取代纽约，引导词用before，表示在伦敦取代纽约要不了多长时间。【句意】最近的一项调查发现，超过一半的英国公司将公关作为公司规划活动的一部分，而美国公司的这一比例只有三分之一。用不了多久，伦敦就会取代纽约成为公关之都。7. 填空题In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, to make
10、them more resistant to quakes. A B C D【答案】C to make改为making【解析】【考查点】非谓语动词。【解题思路】C部分到句尾是句子的状语，前面说到洛杉矶修改了建筑法规，这一举措使城市建筑和高速公路更坚固，伴随而来的是抗震能力提高了，C部分到句尾这部分为伴随状语，因此C部分应为making。【句意】此外，在过去20年里，洛杉矶对建筑法规进行了修改，加强了城市建筑和高速公路的抗震能力。8. 单选题Long-term water availability is largely determined by the average conditions i
11、n a river basin, but it is often extreme events that cause acute water insecurity.问题1选项A.occasionalB.constantC.urgentD.serious【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. occasional 偶尔的，偶然的 B. constant 连续发生的，不断的C. urgent 紧急的，紧迫的 D. serious 严重的，有危险的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】acute的意思为“十分严重的”，这里指极端事件让水变得非常不安全，有严重的安全问题，serious与之词义相近，
12、因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。【句意】长期来说，水资源的可用性在很大程度上取决于流域的平均条件，但往往是极端事件导致严重的在水安全方面的问题。9. 填空题Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the meanswhich other basic American values such A B
