2 0 1 2 年冲刺题完形原文及翻译第一套、第二套1 The tale is familiar: institutional reform and globalisation discomfort long-dominant powers. But in thecaseof the economics profession, the big winners are not Asian but European.2Untilrecently European economists tended to teach and publish in their national languages, and cross-border study was relatively rare.But in 1999 European leadersinitiatedthe Bologna process, a series of accordsdesigned topromote uniform academic standards. Degrees and titles are now far more comparable. English-language teaching and publication has spread.3lnternationalisation has meant a growinqvoicefor Europe within the economics literature. In 1991 economists with a primary affiliationtoNorth American institutions (theoverwhelmingmaioritv of them in the United St at e s) accounted for 6 6 % of published economic research; Europeans produced just 24%, By 2006 journals had a far more continental feeLaccordinq to a new paper by Ana Rute Cardoso, Paulo Guimaraes and Klaus Zimmermann. In that year 40% of all articles were by European-affiliated economists,whilethe North American share had fallen to 45%. Asias share had risen from 3% to 9%.4Some Americans mock Europes rise. Many new journals havestarted upin recent years, and European papers are far morecommonin their pages. But this cannot fully explain thefallin North Americas market share. Controlling for new journals, the share of European papersstillrose markedly.5Americans need not panic. Economists affiliated to North American institutionscontribute76% of articles in the top journals. They receive adisproportionatenumber of citations. But煞Europes economics stars mature, they will compete on this more hallowed turf,too.完 型 全 文 翻 译 ( 本 文 选 自 The economics profession New world order Internationalisation has boosted Europes academic clout Feb 17th 2011)故事很熟悉： 制度改革和全球化令长期居于主导地位的势力感到不安。
但就经济学专业 而言，大赢家是欧洲人而不是亚洲人前不久欧洲经济学家仍倾向于使用自己国家的语言进行教学和发表文章, 跨国界研究相 对少见但1999年欧洲的领导人发起B ologna进程，这是为推广统一的学术标准而设计 的一系列协定学位和头衔不只是具备可比性了，英语教学和发表文章也普及了国际化意味着欧洲在经济学文献中的话语权11益提高 1991年, 直接隶属于北美机构( 绝 大部分位于美国) 的经济学家在发表的经济学研究成果中占66怅欧洲人只占24%根据Ana Rute Cardosox Paulo Guimaraes 和 Klaus Zimmermann 的新论文，到2006年，期刊上欧洲 论文比例大有提高当年，隶属于欧洲的经济学家发表的文章占总数的40% ,而北美所占比 例降到45%亚洲所占比例从3%升到9机一些美国人藐视欧洲的崛起 近年来许多新的期刊层出不穷， 而欧洲的文章在这些期刊 上相当常见 但这不能完全解释北美巾场份额的减小排除新期刊这一因素，欧洲论文的份 额仍有显著增加美国人无需惊慌失措 北美机构的经济学家顶级期刊投稿比例为764它们大量被应用 但随着欧洲经济学明星的成熟，他们也将争夺这块更神圣的领地。
1The American economy is in unfamiliar territory. Not since records began has so deep a recession been followed by so shallow a recovery in employment.New jobs figures, releasedon August 6th, tell the tale. In July the economy added just 12,000 jobs after adjusting for temporary census worktoo few to keep up with population growth orto reduce the unemployment rate. Slightly fewer Americans are working now, a full year into recovery,thanwhen the recession ended in the middle of 2009.2Acomparison withpreviousrecoveries is unflattering. Hiring was weaker in the aftermath of therelativelymild downturns of 1 990-91 and 2001, when the unemployment rate topped out at 7.8% and 6.3%respectively. But this recession, in which the unemployment ratehitl 0.1%, was much more severe. Frompeakto bottom more than 8m jobs were lost. As many Americans are working nowasin November 1999.3 Severe recessionstypically produce strong labour-market recoveries. Employmentsprangback by 3.5% in the 12 months following the end of the deep 1 981 -82downturn.Whenthe economy started growing again in March 1933 the employment bounce back was springier still. No such turnaround has emerged this time. The American economy hasseendownturns this severe and recoveries this jobless but never the one on top of the other.4lf growth continues, it may soon lead to more hiring. The second quarter of 2010 brought an end to arunof five consecutive quarters of extraordinary productivity growthasfirms generated more output with fewer workers. That strategy may now be running out of road. Between April and June businesses sharply increased the number of hours worked by employees, which is often apreludeto hiring new workers. But there is an awful lot of ground tomake up. 完型全文翻译译文美国失业率有所下降，但前景堪忧这次复苏的失业情况如何？1美国经济正处在不为人熟知的领域中。
自有记录以来，如此严重的衰退之后，还未出现 过如此小幅的就业复苏8月611公布的新增就业数据说明了这个问题7月，经过短暂的人 口普查工作调整后，该经济只增加了 1. 2万个就业岗位对于跟上人口增长或降低失业率 来说太微不足道了 经过整整一年的复苏，目前美国的就业人数比2009年年中衰退结束时还 要稍微少一点2与先前的复苏情况相比不敢恭维 在1990年到1991年期间以及2001年相对温和的衰退之 后，雇佣情况更加疲软，当时的失业率分别高达7. 8%和6. 3%但是这次衰退更加严重，失业 率达到10. 1%从峰值跌到低谷，800万份工作流失了目前美国的就业人数和1999年11月份 不相上下3通常严重: 的衰退会带来强劲的劳动力市场复苏 在1981年到1982年严重衰退结束后的12 个月里，就业率反弹了3.5%1933年3月，经济恢复增长后，就业率的反弹还要强劲这次 衰退并没有出现这种回升向好的情况这次美国经济衰退如此严重，失业率前所未有， 但以 前从未如此一个紧临另一个4如果经济能够继续增长， 这可能很快就会促进增加招收人员 各企业利用较少的工人产 生了较高的产量，造就了连续5个季度超高的生产率增长，但是2010年第二季度结束了这种 增势。
目前这种战略似乎已经穷途末路在4月到6月期间，各企业都大大增加了员工的工作 时间，这通常是招收新员工的一个征兆但是需要填补的空缺如此之大，令人担忧2012年冲刺题翻译部分原文及翻译第一、二套第一套译文：如何避免蠢见伯特兰罗素避免各种人们可能持有的愚蠢观点并不需要过人的天赋 如果问题是可以通过观察加以 解决的， 那就观察好了不过有很多问题不易用经验来检验 【 4 6 如果你像大多数人那样, 在许多此类事情上执迷不悟， 还是仃方法让你意识到自己的偏见如果可你相左的观点激怒 了你，这恰恰说明了。