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1、语法精讲系列（七） 主谓一致和特殊句式 考考 查查 角角 度度题题 号号主主谓谓一致的一致的语语法一致法一致1、2主主谓谓一致的意一致的意义义一致一致311主主谓谓一致的就近原一致的就近原则则12倒装句倒装句1318省略句省略句19强强调调句句20、21其他句式其他句式22251. (gaokao湖南高考湖南高考)All the scientific evidence _ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ damaging our health. A. show; are B. shows; areC. show; is D. show
2、s; is【解析】【解析】选选D。考查主谓一致。句意：所有的科学证据表明在。考查主谓一致。句意：所有的科学证据表明在农业生产中越来越多地使用化学物品正在损害我们的健康。农业生产中越来越多地使用化学物品正在损害我们的健康。evidence为不可数名词为不可数名词, 作主语时谓语动词用单数；题干中的作主语时谓语动词用单数；题干中的第二个空的主语是第二个空的主语是use，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，故，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，故D项正确。项正确。2. (2011江江苏苏高高考考)The fact that so many people still smoke in public places
3、 _ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting【解解析析】选选B。考考查查主主谓谓一一致致和和时时态态。句句意意：仍仍然然有有很很多多人人在在公公共共场场所所吸吸烟烟, 这这样样的的事事实实表表明明我我们们或或许许需需要要一一场场全全国国性性的的运运动动来来提提高高人人们们对对吸吸烟烟的的危危害害的的认认识识。分分析析句句子子结结构构可可知知，the fact后后that引
4、引导导的的是是同同位位语语从从句句，空空格格后后的的that从从句句则则是是谓谓语语动动词词suggest的的宾宾语语从从句句；主主语语是是the fact，故故排排除除A、D两两项项；结合从句的时态可知主句要用现在时态，故选结合从句的时态可知主句要用现在时态，故选B项。项。3. (2011安安徽徽高高考考)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes. A. is B. are C. was D. were【解解析析】选选D。考考查查主主谓谓一一致致
5、和和时时态态。句句意意：工工厂厂用用了了这这种种原原材材料料的的65%，剩剩余余部部分分节节省省出出来来留留作作他他用用。定定语语从从句句中中先先行行词词是是the raw materials，故故定定语语从从句句应应与与先先行行词词的的数数保保持持一一致致，用复数，上文时态为过去时，故选用复数，上文时态为过去时，故选D。4. (gaokao陕陕西西高高考考)The basketball coach, as well as his team, _ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. A.
6、were B. was C. is D. are【解解析析】选选B。考考查查时时态态和和主主谓谓一一致致。句句意意：比比赛赛后后不不久久，那那位位篮篮球球教教练练和和他他的的队队员员们们因因为为他他们们的的出出色色表表现现而而受受到到了了采采访访。根根据据句句意意可可知知事事情情已已经经发发生生，所所以以用用过过去去时时，排排除除C和和D两两项项。主主语语后后接接as well as短短语语作作插插入入语语时时，谓谓语语动动词词形形式式不不受受其其影影响响。这这里里的的主主语语The basketball coach是是单单数数，所所以以谓谓语语动动词词应该用单数，应该用单数，B项符合题意。项
7、符合题意。5. (2010全全国国卷卷)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress. A. wear B. wearsC. has worn D. have worn【解解析析】选选B。考考查查主主谓谓一一致致和和时时态态。句句意意：Barbara很很容容易易被被认认出出来来，因因为为她她是是那那些些妇妇女女中中唯唯一一穿穿晚晚礼礼服服的的人人。首首先先the only one of. . . 为为先先行行词词时时, 定定语语从从句句修修饰饰的的是是one, 即即one是是
8、主主语语, 而而非非后后面面的的复复数数women, 根根据据主主谓谓一一致致的的原原则则, 谓谓语语动动词词应应该该用用单单数数, 排排除除A、D两两项项。另另外外, 从从 “is”可可以以看看出出句句子子用一般现在时用一般现在时, 排除排除C, 故选故选B。6. (2010湖湖南南高高考考)Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have【解解析析】选选C。考考查查主主谓谓一一致致。句句意意：在在青青少少年年中中，在在摇摇
9、滚滚音音乐乐会会上上听听噪噪音音太太大大的的音音乐乐已已经经导导致致听听力力丧丧失失。根根据据动动名名词词短短语语作作主主语语句句子子的的谓谓语语动动词词用用单单数数形形式式, 可可排排除除B、D两两项项, 根根据主语与据主语与caused的主动关系的主动关系, 排除排除A项。项。7. (2010四四川川高高考考)Such poets as Shakespeare _ widely read, of whose works, however, some _ difficult to understand. A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is; are【解解析
10、析】选选A。考考查查主主谓谓一一致致。句句意意：像像莎莎士士比比亚亚那那样样的的诗诗人人在在世世界界范范围围内内拥拥有有大大量量的的读读者者，但但是是，他他的的一一些些作作品品却却很很难难理理解解。主主句句中中的的主主语语应应为为poets, 谓谓语语动动词词用用复复数数, 其其后后的的非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句的的主主语语应应为为some of whose works, 谓谓语语动动词词也也应应是复数。故选是复数。故选A。8. (山山东东高高考考)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising
11、 steadily since 1997. A. is B. areC. has been D. have been【解解析析】选选C。考考查查主主谓谓一一致致和和时时态态。句句意意：自自从从1997年年以以来来，上上中中国国大大学学的的外外国国学学生生数数量量一一直直在在稳稳定定增增长长。主主语语是是 the number, 故故谓谓语语动动词词用用单单数数, 又又因因时时间间状状语语是是since 1997，所所以用完成时态。故选以用完成时态。故选C。9. (四四川川高高考考)The teacher together with the students _ discussing Readi
12、ng Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; wereC. are; was D. is; was【解解析析】选选D。考考查查主主谓谓一一致致。句句意意：那那位位老老师师跟跟学学生生们们正正在在讨讨论论阅阅读读技技能能，这这本本书书在在美美国国刚刚刚刚出出版版。A together with B作作主主语语时时，谓谓语语动动词词与与A的的单单复复数数保保持持一一致致；第第二二空空为为定定语语从从句句，that指指代代Reading Skills, 由由于于Reading Skills是是书书名名所所以以谓语动词
13、用单数。故选谓语动词用单数。故选D。10. (陕陕 西西 高高 考考 )Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters,_ visit Beijing this summer. A. is going to B. are going toC. was going to D. were going to【解解析析】选选A。考考查查动动词词时时态态和和主主谓谓一一致致。句句意意：史史密密斯斯博博士士还还有有他他的的妻妻子子和和女女儿儿们们准准备备今今年年夏夏天天去去北北京京参参观观。主主语语中中心心词词是是Dr. Smith, 表表单单数数, 谓谓语
14、语动动词词用用单单数数形形式式；时时间间状状语语是是this summer, 表将来表将来, 故时态用一般将来时故时态用一般将来时, 选选A。11. (江江西西高高考考)At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport _ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. A. is B. are C. will be D. was【解解析析】选选A。考考查查主主谓谓一一致致。句句意意：目目前前，人人们们赞赞成成建建一一座座新新机机场场的的理理由由之之一一是是它它将将给给这这个个地
15、地区区带带来来很很多多的的就就业业机机会会。句句中中的的in favor of the new airport是是介介词词短短语语作作后后置置定定语语，修修饰饰arguments。根根据据句句中中的的one of可可知知谓谓语语动动词词用用单单数数形形式式，再结合再结合at present可判断用一般现在时。故可判断用一般现在时。故A项正确。项正确。12. (湖湖南南高高考考)Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A. are B. is C. have D. be【解解
16、析析】选选B。考考查查主主谓谓一一致致。句句意意：明明天天的的会会议议可可以以是是你你或或你你的的学学生生们们中中的的一一个个去去参参加加。either . . . or. . . . 连连接接两两个个主主语语, 按按就就近近原原则则来来确确定定谓谓语语的的单单复复数数。根根据据one of your students 谓谓语应用单数形式，故选语应用单数形式，故选B。13. (gaokao江江西西高高考考)Never before _ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. A. had she B. she had C. has she D. she has【解解析析】选选C。考考查查倒倒装装句句。句句意意：她她从从来来没没见见过过有有人人打打网网球球打打得得和和罗罗伯伯特特一一样样好好。 Never放放于于句句首首，句句子子要要用用部部分分倒倒装装结结构构，从从后后面面的的can可可以以看看出出是是描描写写现现在在的的情情况况，用用现现在在时时态态，这里用完成时，表示到现在为止，故选这里用完成时，表示到现在为止，故选C
