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1、GrammarGrammar构词法构词法 (Word FormationWord Formation)高考英语语法总复习If you meet the new words while reading, what will you do ?Its not always necessary to understand the meaning of every word, just go on reading! Guess the meaning! When we deal with the problems in reading comprehension, we can use Word For
2、mation to help us, but the context( (上下文，语境上下文，语境) ) is also very important.1. I will not make friends with a dishonest person.2. When the little boy finished, his father was speechless.3. A bad-looking pickpocket stole my wallet根据构词法猜词 首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律, 其次其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:
3、un-,im-, mis-, -less, -ness等。等。小小结结dis+honest 不诚实的不诚实的speech+less 说不出话的说不出话的pick+pocket 扒手扒手构词法构词法派生法派生法（Derivation）合成法合成法(Compounding) 转化法转化法（Conversion）缩略法缩略法（Abbreviation） able unable; teach teacherspace+ship spaceshipvisit v. visit n.Do it yourself. DIY合成词 Compoundpain-killercolor- blindsleep-wa
4、lksleep-walker一、合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted 把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。合成词汇展厅一一.合成合成名词名词二二.合成合成动词动词三三.合成合成形容词形容词四四.合成合成副词副词五五.合成合成代词代词I.合成名词 seafood; 名词代词名词名词代词名词greenhouse;形容词名词形容词名词handwriting;名词名词+动名词（动名词（V-ing）waiting- room;动名词动名词+名词名词pain-killer名词名词+动词动词(er/or)pic
5、kpocket;动词动词+名词名词turn-off动词动词+副词副词output副词动词副词动词afternoon介词副词名词介词副词名词ii.合成动词合成动词构成方式.名词动词overcome; 构成方式1副词动词whitewash构成方式形容词动词sleep walk;iii.合成形容词snow-white名词+形容词English-speaking名词现在分词man-madehigh-class;形容词名词light-blue形容词形容词good-looking形容词现在分词warm-hearted形容词名词+edsecond-hand数词名词hard-working副词现在分词well
6、-known副词过去分词underground介词名词名词过去分词iv.合成副词however; 构成方式1副词副词anywhere; whatever构成方式1代词副词downstairs; upstairs构成方式3副词名词anyway形容词名词v.合成代词something; everything; nobody; someone; anybody构成方式： some/any/no+thing/one/body1) The fire lasted about 4 hours before the _ _ could control it.2) At school she formed a
7、 close _ with several other girls. 3) They decide to spend their holiday at the _.4) He put on a hat and _ before he went out.5) They often perform in the streets for the _.6) Im sure you will be _ soon.passers-bywell-knownfirefightersfriendshipseasideovercoat1. Make compound words after the models.
8、 A: passer, well, sea, fire, over, friend, B: by, known, side, fighter, coat, ship, Model: part + time = part-time2. Fill in the blanks with the words above. Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.二、转化法（Conversion）tastev.尝起来尝起来n. 味道味道It has a good taste.It tastes very good.handn.手手v.递送递送wr
9、ong adj.错误的错误的n.错的事错的事We always walk hand in hand.Please hand me the book. There is something wrong with the car. He didnt know the difference between right and wrong .cleanadj. 干净干净v.清扫清扫Please keep tidy and clean.You have to clean the blackboard after class. 名词转化为动词形容词转化为动词名词转化为形容词副词转换为动词 telephon
10、e电话打电话slow 慢的放慢front前面前面的down 向下击倒hand手 交给warm 暖的使温暖black 黑色黑色的back向后后退record 录音记录 empty 空的倒空noble 贵族高贵的up 向上提高date 日期 定日期better 较好 改善key 钥匙 关键的name 名字 命名cool 凉爽 使冷face 脸 面对 动词转化为名词动词转化为形容词形容词转化为名词一些形容词前加the后转换为名词 drink 喝饮料perfect 使完善完美的 chief 主要的首领the wounded受伤的人们 study 学习书房fit 适合 适合的first 第一的 第一个t
11、he blind盲人们look at have a look at wrong 错误的 错 误the beautiful美丽的东西 转化法例释说出红色单词的词性1. Jim dreams of being the best football player in England. 2. Please stop here, and it is the bus stop3. The coach was questioning the team members about their practice conditions4. Whos guarding that building? 5. The c
12、ar slowed down to half its speed6. Dont use too cold water to water flowers7. The old in our village are living a happy life. 派生法 Derivation派派生生法法前缀前缀后缀后缀名词后缀名词后缀形容词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀副词后缀动词后缀动词后缀否定前缀否定前缀其他前缀其他前缀加前缀： happy - _happy 加后缀： develop - develop_既加前缀又加后缀： employ -_employ_unmentunment三、派生词（derivatio
13、n） 注意:前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化 trans- -graph tele- super- co- vis- bio- sub- -port- carry see below life together/with more than usual far across writingMatch the prefix or suffix with the meaning.部分前缀：部分前缀：re-(重新重新) rewrite, reconsider, reuseminiskirt, minibusmini-(微小微小)semicircle, semi-fi
14、nalsemi-(半半, 部分部分)antiwar, anti-Japanese waranti- (阻止阻止, 抗抗)underground, under-developunder- (在在下下, 在在中中)表示时间和其他关系的前缀前 缀意 义用 法例 词re-表示：再一次，重新用于动词及派生名词名词、形容词及其它名词前(= again)renew,续借 reborn, rebuild, reappear, retellfore-表示：时间或位置的“在前面”加在动词或名词前(= before)foresee, foreleg, foretell预言, foreknow预卜pre-表示：在前、
15、事先、预先加在名词或形容词前(=before, in front, in advance)prepay, prewar, preschool, prehistorypost-表示：时间和顺序的“在后边”加在名词或形容词前(= after, behind)post-war, post-graduatea-表示：在 之上， 向， 在里加在动词或名词前，构成派生形容词、副词或介词asleep, along, aloud, , alive, acrossco-表示：联合、共同加在名词或动词前co-worker, coexistco-own, co-ownerinter-表示:“互相”、“在一起”加在名
16、词、形容词前构成动词(= between, among)interchange, internationalmid-表示：中间加在名词前(= middle)midday, midnightsuper-表示：高级、在之上加在名词前(= above, over, upon)superpower,超级大国，superstructure上层建筑常见的常见的否定否定前缀前缀中学英语课本中有许多单词带有否定前缀，如果能理中学英语课本中有许多单词带有否定前缀，如果能理解这些否定前缀的含义，使用和记忆单词是很有帮助解这些否定前缀的含义，使用和记忆单词是很有帮助的。否定前缀加在一个词的前面就完全改变或否定了的。否定前缀加在一个词的前面就完全改变或否定了这个词的原来意义这个词的原来意义。前 缀意 义用 法例 词un-不，未（= not) 加在形容词或副词前unhappy, unnecessary, unexpected, unusual, , 相反动作加在动词前uncover, untie, unlock, undressin- ，il-im-，ir-不， 非， 无加在形容词或其派生的名词或副词前 inc
