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1、不定式由“to+to+动词原形动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to donot/never to do”,不定式没有_的变化，有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式不定式人称和数一一.结构结构 : to do (否定否定) not/never to do 二二. 时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have don
2、e to have been done to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/ /几乎几乎/ /发生在发生在它之后它之后.).)( (在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时, ,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行) )( (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )(4).Were
3、 happy to have been working with you. ( (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前, ,不定式的不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续) )动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive v 主语 (subject)v 宾语 (object)v 宾补 (object complement)v 定语 (attribute)v 状语 (adverbial)v 表语 (predicative)v 做独立成分（independent component）v 与疑问词等连用三三. 用法用法/
4、功能功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn English well .(1). 主语主语单个不定式作主语时单个不定式作主语时, ,谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数若不定式太长若不定式太长, ,往往用往往用it it作形式主语作形式主语, ,不定式置后不定式置后. .My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis(2). 表语表语 不定式常用在系动词不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语等后作表语I want to
5、go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3) 宾语宾语think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, set outchoose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to
6、give me some help.(4). 宾补宾补五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三使三使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feelwarn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等e.g. I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).注意注意1 help 后面的后面的“to”可省去可省去e.g. They often help the grandma (to) carry water.2 see, he
7、ar, watch, feel, notice, look at等表示等表示 感觉和感觉和let, make, have等表示使役的动词后等表示使役的动词后 面，不定式作宾语时要省面，不定式作宾语时要省“to” （注：被动（注：被动 语态不省语态不省toto）3 不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice
8、but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(5). 定语定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.(常常表示将来的动
9、作常常表示将来的动作)不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系：关系：(1)动宾关系动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 (2)主谓关系主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。 (3)同位关系同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。我们
10、都有上大学的机会。2. 作定语的不定式如果是作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词不及物动词，或，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的相应的介词介词。3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或或way，不定式后面的，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去介词习惯上要省去。 e.g. He is looking for a room to live in. 他在找一个房间住。他在找一个房间住。e.g. He had no money and no place to live.
11、 他没钱没地方住。他没钱没地方住。4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。做后置定语。e.g. Do you have anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗？你有什么东西要寄吗？ Do you have anything to be sent ? 你有什么东西要被寄吗？你有什么东西要被寄吗？I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语状语（表示目的，结果，原因或条件）（表示目的，结果，原
12、因或条件）in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to.,在一些短语中也有体现在一些短语中也有体现(7).独立结构独立结构to be frank, to be honest,To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.类似的结构类似的结构(8)(8)不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语表语、宾语等。、宾语等。He didnt know what to say. .他不知道说什么
13、。他不知道说什么。( (宾语宾语) ) How to solve the problem is very important. .如何解决这个问题很重要。如何解决这个问题很重要。( (主语主语) ) My question is when to start. .我的问题是什么时我的问题是什么时候开始。候开始。( (表语表语) )注意注意注意注意：在与在与why连用时，只用于连用时，只用于why或或why not开头的开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a rest?1.My teacher was made _(g
14、ive up) his teaching because of poor health.2.The sentence wants _(explain) once more.3.The Arctic is considered _(be) the northern part of the Atlantic.to give upexplainingto be4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth_ (weave) for him without delay.5.I found the German language hard _ (learn).6.Th
15、e light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _ (turn off).to be wovento learnto turn it off几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth. 停止去做某事 doing sth.停止正在做forget to do sth.忘记去做 doing sth.忘记已做了remember to do sth.记得去做 doing sth.记得曾经做7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -
16、The key _ (solve) the problem is to meet the demand _(make) by the customers.8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.A.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyto solvingmade9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A.expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ (finish) ahead of time.11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?A.to try to go B. try goi
