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1、本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑计算机专业英语教程第5版翻译 计算机专业英语教程第5版翻译 十足切实 1 We have learned that all computers have similar capabilities and perform essentially the same functions, although some might be faster than others. We have also learned that a computer system has input, output, storage, and processing components
2、; that the processor is the “intelligence” of a computer system; and that a single computer system may have several processors. We have discussed how data are represented inside a computer system in electronic states called bits. We are now ready to expose the inner workings of the nucleus of the co
3、mputer system the processor. 我们已经知道，全体的计算机都具有好像的才能，并且在本质上执行一致的功能，尽管一些可能会比另一些快一点。我们也知道，一个计算机系统具有输入，输出，存储和处理部件；处理器是一个计算机系统智能核心，并且一个计算机系统可以有大量个处理器。我们已经议论过如何在计算机系统内部，用被称作“位”的电子状态来表现数据，现在我们要弄明白计算机系统的核心，即处理器，的内在的工作方式。 The internal operation of a computer is interesting, but there really is no mystery to i
4、t. The mystery is in the minds of those who listen to hearsay and believe science-fiction writer. The computer is a nonthinking electronic device that has to be plugged into an electrical power source, just like a toaster or a lamp. 计算机的内部操作很有意思，但切实没有什么神秘可言。所谓的神秘只是存在于那些听信传闻和相信科幻小说作家的人的意识中。计算机就是一种没有思
5、想的需要接通电源的电子设备而已，与烤面包机和台灯差不多。 Literally hundreds of different types of computers are marketed by scores of manufacturers 1. The complexity of each type may vary considerably, but in the end each processor, sometimes called the central processing unit or CPU, has only two fundamental sections: the con
6、trol unit and the arithmetic and logic unit. Primary storage also plays an integral part in the internal operation of a processor. These three primary storage, the control unit, and the arithmetic and logic unit work together. Lets look at their functions and the relationships between them. 不加夸诞地讲，市
7、场上有几百种不同类型的计算机在销售.每种电脑在繁杂性上可能有很大识别，但归根结底,每种处理器，有时称为中央处理器即cpu，只有两个根本片面:操纵单元和计算规律单元.主内存在处理器内部操作中也是一个不成缺少的片面.这三个部件-主内存，操纵单元和计算规律单元-一起工作.然我们看看它们(各自的)功能和它们之间的联系。 Unlike magnetic secondary storage devices, such as tape and disk, primary storage has no moving parts. With no mechanical movement, data can be
8、 accessed from primary storage at electronic speeds, or close to the speed of light. Most of todays computers use DRAM (Dynamic Random-Access Memory) technology for primary storage. A state-of-the-art DRAM chip about one eighth the size of a postage stamp can store about 256,000,000 bits, or over 25
9、,600,000 characters of data! 主存与其他的辅佐存储器（如：磁带、硬盘）不一样的是，主存不含有运转部件。由于没有机械运转的需要，主存种数据访问可以达成电子的速度，或接近于光速。当今计算机的主存大多数使用DRAM（动态随机存取存储器）技术。目前最新的工艺水平是：一块只有大约1/8张邮票大小的DRAM芯片却可以存储大约256,000,000位，约25,6000,000个字符的数据。 Primary storage, or main memory, provides the processor with temporary storage for programs and
10、data. All programs and data must be transferred to primary storage from an input device (such as a VDT) or from secondary storage (such as a disk) before programs can be executed or data can be processed. Primary storage space is always at a premium; therefore, after a program has been executed, the storage space it occupied is reallocated to another program awaiting execution. 主存储器，也就是说内存，用于为处理器暂时存放程序和数据。全体的程序和数据在被操作之前务必从输入设备（如VDT）或者辅佐存储器转存到主存储器中。主存储器存储容量通常是相当有限的，因此，在一个程序执行终止，它所占用的存储空间务必被重新调配给其它正在等待执行操作的程序。 4
