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1、 托福TPO27阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析 为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO27阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 The Formation of Volcanic I Earths surface is not made up of a single sheetof rock that forms a crust but rather a number of“tectonic plates”that fit closely,like the pieces of agiant jigsaw puzzle.Some plate
2、s carry islands orcontinents others form the seafloor.All are slowly moving because the plates float on a densersemi-liquid mantle,the layer between the crust and Earths core.The plates have edges thatare spreading ridges(where two plates are moving apart and new seafloor is being created),subductio
3、n zones(where two plates collide and one plunges beneath the other),or transformfaults(where two plates neither converge nor diverge but merely move past one another).Itis at the boundaries between plates that most of Earths volcanism and earthquake activityoccur. 地球的外壳并不是由单块岩石形成的，而是许多的“构造板块”严密的组合在一
4、起的，就像是一个巨大的拼图。一些板块承载着岛屿或是大陆，其它的则形成海底。所有板块都在缓慢移动，因为它们都漂浮在密度更大的半液态的介于地壳和地核之间的地幔上。板块的边缘是扩张脊(两个板块分离，新的海底形成的地方)，俯冲带(两板块碰撞，一个倾入到另一个下面)，或者是形成断层(两板块既不聚集也不分散，但只是互相错位)。板块边界是地球上的火山和地震的高发地。 Generally speaking,the interiors of plates are geologically uneventful.However,there areexceptions.A glance at a map of th
5、e Pacific Ocean reveals that there are many islands far outat sea that are actually volcanoes-many no longer active,some overgrown with coral-thatoriginated from activity at points in the interior of the Pacific Plate that forms the Pacificseafloor. 一般地，板块内部在地质上是平静的，但也有例外。扫一眼太平洋的地图就知道那里有许多在大海深处的岛屿，它
6、们其实都是火山，其中有许多已经不活动了，一些长满了珊瑚。这些火山都起源于当时太平洋板块内部一些部位在形成太平洋海底时的地质活动。 How can volcanic activity occur so far from a plate boundary?The Hawaiian Islandsprovide a very instructive answer.Like many other island groups,they form a chain.TheHawaiian Islands Chain extends northwest from the island of Hawaii.In
7、 the 1840s Americangeologist James Daly observed that the different Hawaii islands seem to share a similar geologicevolution but are progressively more eroded,and therefore probable older,toward thenorthwest.Then in 1963,in the early days of the development of the theory of plate tectonics.Canadian
8、geophysicist Tuzo Wilson realized that this age progression could result if the islandswere formed on a surface plate moving over a fixed volcanic source in the interior.Wilsonsuggested that the long chain of volcanoes stretching northwest from Hawaii is simply thesurface expression of a long-lived
9、volcanic source located beneath the tectonic plate in themantle.Todays most 为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO27阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 The Formation of Volcanic I Earths surface is not made up of a single sheetof rock that forms a crust but rather a number of“tectonic plates”that fit closely,like
10、the pieces of agiant jigsaw puzzle.Some plates carry islands orcontinents others form the seafloor.All are slowly moving because the plates float on a densersemi-liquid mantle,the layer between the crust and Earths core.The plates have edges thatare spreading ridges(where two plates are moving apart
11、 and new seafloor is being created),subduction zones(where two plates collide and one plunges beneath the other),or transformfaults(where two plates neither converge nor diverge but merely move past one another).Itis at the boundaries between plates that most of Earths volcanism and earthquake activ
12、ityoccur. 地球的外壳并不是由单块岩石形成的，而是许多的“构造板块”严密的组合在一起的，就像是一个巨大的拼图。一些板块承载着岛屿或是大陆，其它的则形成海底。所有板块都在缓慢移动，因为它们都漂浮在密度更大的半液态的介于地壳和地核之间的地幔上。板块的边缘是扩张脊(两个板块分离，新的海底形成的地方)，俯冲带(两板块碰撞，一个倾入到另一个下面)，或者是形成断层(两板块既不聚集也不分散，但只是互相错位)。板块边界是地球上的火山和地震的高发地。 Generally speaking,the interiors of plates are geologically uneventful.Howeve
13、r,there areexceptions.A glance at a map of the Pacific Ocean reveals that there are many islands far outat sea that are actually volcanoes-many no longer active,some overgrown with coral-thatoriginated from activity at points in the interior of the Pacific Plate that forms the Pacificseafloor. 一般地，板
14、块内部在地质上是平静的，但也有例外。扫一眼太平洋的地图就知道那里有许多在大海深处的岛屿，它们其实都是火山，其中有许多已经不活动了，一些长满了珊瑚。这些火山都起源于当时太平洋板块内部一些部位在形成太平洋海底时的地质活动。 How can volcanic activity occur so far from a plate boundary?The Hawaiian Islandsprovide a very instructive answer.Like many other island groups,they form a chain.TheHawaiian Islands Chain e
15、xtends northwest from the island of Hawaii.In the 1840s Americangeologist James Daly observed that the different Hawaii islands seem to share a similar geologicevolution but are progressively more eroded,and therefore probable older,toward thenorthwest.Then in 1963,in the early days of the developme
16、nt of the theory of plate tectonics.Canadian geophysicist Tuzo Wilson realized that this age progression could result if the islandswere formed on a surface plate moving over a fixed volcanic source in the interior.Wilsonsuggested that the long chain of volcanoes stretching northwest from Hawaii is simply thesurface
