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1、基于马克思金融思想理论视角下我国农村金融发展探析摘 要我国是一个农业大国，“三农”问题一直以来是党中央和国务院关心的头等大事。近年来，在马克思主义金融理论的正确指导下，在党和政府的大力扶持和关怀下，在全国人民的共同努力下，中国农村金融经过多年的探索和实践，走出了一条具有中国特色的农村金融改革道路，最大程度地满足了“三农”的信贷需求。我国在加快社会主义新农村建设，增加农民收入，提高农业现代化水平方面取得了一定成就。农村金融改革是指改变一切不适应农村金融发展的体制、机制等不利因素，从而使得农村金融的作用得到最大程度发挥，使得农村的发展效果得到最大程度增强。从历史的视角看，中国农村金融改革具有以下几
2、个方面的特征:(1)中国农村金融改革是在马克思主义基本原理和中国特色社会主义理论指导下的金融实践，是马克思主义理论与当代中国农村实际情况相结合的产物，是马克思主义理论在当代中国的新发展，由此生成的中国农村金融理论是马克思主义金融理论中国化的结晶。没有马克思主义理论的指导，中国农村金融改革就会缺乏科学的方法支撑和持久的改革动力。(2)中国农村金融改革是在中国共产党领导下的金融活动。中国共产党始终都是农村金融改革的领导者和推动者，正是由于中国共产党代表中国最广大农民的根本利益，坚持全心全意为农民谋福社的根本宗旨，所以中国共产党推动了对农村金融的改革，促使农村金融更好的服务于“三农”，直至农村金融环
3、境得到真正的改善和优化。(3)农村金融改革是一项系统工程，是发生在中国大地上的、关系到农业生产、农村发展和农民生活的重大改革工程，具有涉及面广、参与主体多元、利益相关者众多等特征。农村金融改革在中国共产党革命和建设过程中具有非同寻常的意义和价值，在解决农村发展、农业生产和农民生活等问题上扮演着重要的角色。农村金融改革是是对马克思主义金融理论发展的贡献，特别是对于发展中国家而言更具有重要的借鉴价值。分析和解读农村金融改革不仅是总结和提炼马克思主义理论在中国的实践发展，也是更好的总结农村金融改革理论，全面深化农村金融改革的需要。但目前中国农村广大农民获得信贷和金融服务的权利没有受到根本性的保护，农
4、村经济发展在很大程度上受到农村金融供给不足的制约。基于中国农村经济金融发展极不均衡的现状和农村改革发展结构调整的契机，在农村金融体制改革中如何构建一个“多层次、广覆盖”的农村合作金融体系己成为建设社会主义新农村必须面对和解决的问题。研究中国自己的农村金融故事，如何以马克思理论来指导构建具有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的农村金融体系，有利于更好的服务社会实体发展，更好的为人民的福祉牟利，更好的提高人民生活水平。 关键词：马克思主义金融理论；农村金融；改革发展Abstract China is a large agricultural country, the three rural issue
5、has always been the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the top priority. In recent years, in the correct guidance of Marxs financial theory, the party and the governments strong support and care, in the joint efforts of the whole nation, the rural financial China after years of explorati
6、on and practice, has come out a China characteristics of rural financial reform, the maximum extent to meet the credit needs of the three rural. China has made some achievements in accelerating the construction of new socialist countryside, increasing the income of farmers and improving the level of
7、 agricultural modernization. The rural financial reform is to change everything can not adapt to the system and mechanism of rural financial development of unfavorable factors, which makes the rural finance to maximize the role of play, making the development of rural areas to obtain the greatest de
8、gree enhancement effect. From the historical perspective, China rural financial reform has the following characteristics: (1) China rural financial reform is the financial practice in theory, the basic principle of the Marx doctrine and the China characteristics of socialism, is a product of the Mar
9、x doctrine theory and contemporary rural Chinese combined with the actual situation, is the new development of Marxs theory in contemporary China, China rural financial theory generated is the crystallization of Marxs theory of financial Chinese. Without the guidance of Marx theory, Chinas rural fin
10、ancial reform will lack the scientific method to support and lasting reform power. (2) Chinas rural financial reform is a financial activity under the leadership of the Communist Party of china. The Communist Party is always China rural financial reform leader and facilitator, it is because of China
11、 communist party representing the fundamental interests of the majority of farmers China, adhere to the fundamental purpose of serving the farmers welfare agency, so China Communist Party to promote the reform of rural finance, rural finance to better serve the Three Rural, until the rural financial
12、 environment to improve and optimize the real. (3) the rural financial reform is a systematic project, is in Chinese on earth, in relation to the major reform project of agricultural production, rural development and rural life, has a wide range and multi subject participation of stakeholders, many
13、features.The rural financial reform has an extraordinary significance and value in the revolution and construction of the Communist Party of China, and plays an important role in solving the problems of rural development, agricultural production and farmers life. The rural financial reform is a cont
14、ribution to the development of Marxs theory of finance, especially for the developing countries. Analysis and interpretation of the rural financial reform is not only a summary and refinement of the theory of Marxs practice in Chinas development, but also a better summary of the theory of rural fina
15、ncial reform, the need to comprehensively deepen the reform of rural finance. But at present, the rights of farmers to obtain credit and financial services in rural areas have not been fundamentally protected, and rural economic development is largely restricted by the lack of rural financial supply
16、. The development of rural economic and financial China extremely unbalanced situation and rural reform and development of the structural adjustment based on the opportunity, how to build a multi-level, wide coverage of the rural cooperative financial system has become a must face and solve the problem of building a new socialist countryside in the rural financial system reform. Study on China own rural financial story, how to Marx theory to guide the co
