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1、湖南咼铁职业技术学院毕业论文（2012 届）论文题冃：铁路既有线路基病害整治的探讨姓 名：系（院）：交通工程系专业名称：铁道工程技术指导老师：2012年5 月 20日中文摘要对既有线铁路路基中存在的病害进行了分类，分析了各种铁路路基病害发生 的机理，介绍了路基病害的检测方法，指出明确齐种路基病害的类型及形成机理, 并进行准确的检测是预防铁路路基病害并进行有效治理的基础。路基是条带状结 构工程，沿线经过的地质条件差别较大，填料也不均匀，而不少地区都存在膨胀 土、红黏土、软岩风化残积土等各种工程性质不良的土，并且受到地理和气候环 境常年变化影响，加之由于技术水平、经济条件以及施工机械设备方面的原因
2、, 我国的铁路路基设计通常采用较低的技术标准，施工质量往往要求不严，从而导 致各种铁路基床病害成为一种分布广、治理难、多发性强的病害，加之近年来随 着重载及提速列车的人量开行路基运行。所以了解病害的类型及其发生机理， 并对其进行实用的检测,对路基的防护内应力水平、分布状态和作用方式显著改 变由于既有铁路线路基设计承载力偏小，在列车提速后荷载引起的动应力之下, 导致各种病害的产生，或使已存在的病害更加严重而严重影响着列车的安全和治 理是非常重要。但归纳起來主要有两个方面：（1）病害的发生取决于特定的地 质环境；（2 ）病害的发生与相应的气候变化和列车振动荷载息息相关。前者是 病害发牛的内因。后者
3、是病害发生的外因。观测表明，在列车轮轴荷载的重复作 用下，路基的渐进破坏主要表现为过大的塑性变形，这种塑性变形累积到一定程 度将会使路基填土产生塑性流动，并产生路基病害。研究表明：产生这些病害（破 坏）的原因在很大程度上依赖于路基土在循环荷载作用下的抗剪强度特性，而后 者与土的饱和度密切相关。随着饱和度的增人，土的动强度（即经过若干次循环 加载后仍处于稳定状态的最大偏应力比）将显著降低。处于轨道下方的路基土因 反复受到挤压和固结而产生过大的累积塑性变形，从而形成所谓的道磴坑以及枕 木下方的积水坑。尤其是在用季，基床填土含水量达到饱和状态，动强度显著减 小，从而使道床工作性能急剧下降，扶至会导致
4、线路产生严重的不平顺而影响行 车安全。关键词：路基病害施工整治措施AbstractExisting railway embankment on the existenee of the disease in a classification, an al ysis of a variety of railway roadbed of the mecha nism of disease occurred on the roadbed disease detection methods, pointing out that the various specific types of disease
5、s and subgrade formation mechanism and the dctcction accuracy is railway embankment to prevent disease and the basis of effective governance. Subgrade is strip structural engin eering, the geological con di t i ons along the route through the differences are not uniform packing, and there are many a
6、reas of expansive soil, red clay, soft rock we a therecl residual soil and other soil non-performing nature of the works, and by Geography and climate change impacts all the year round, in addition to the technological level as a result of economic conditions, as wel1 as construction machinery and e
7、quipment reasons, the design of China s railway subgrade is usually a lower technical stanclards, construction quality is often not strict, resulting in a varicty of railway subgrade disease has become a widely distributed, difficult to control, multiple and strong disease, coupled wi th the heavy l
8、oad and speed in recent years a large rmmber of trains will start. Subgrade run. Therefore, understanding the type of disease and its mechanism and its practical testing, the protection of the subgrade level of internal stress, the distribution of state and significant changes in the mode of action.
9、 Existing railway lines as a result of capacity-based design of small, after the train speed load under dynamic stress caused by, resulting in the emergence of a variety of diseases, or the disease has been in existence for more serious and a serious impact on train safety and control is very import
10、ant. Can be summed up in two main areas: (1) the occurrence of disease depend on the particular geological environment; (2) the occurrenee of diseases and the corresp on ding climate change and the train load is closely rela ted to the vibration. The former is the occurrence of intcrna.1 diseases. T
11、he latter is the occurrenee of external diseases. Observation showed that the axle load train under the repeat, the gradual destruction of roadbed for the main performance of the plastic deformation is too large, the plastic deformation will be accumulated to a certain extent so that plastic flow ge
12、nerated roadbed fill, and roadbed have a disease. Study: of these diseases (damage) to a large extent dependent on the reasons for the subgrade soi 1 under cyclic loading in the shear sirength characteristics of soil which is closely related to saturation. With increasing saturation, the dynamic str
13、ength of soil (that is, through a number of cyclic loading in a stable state after the maximum dcviatoric stress ratio) wi11 be significantly reduced. Track in the bottom of the subgrade soil due to repeated squeezing and consolidation result!ng from the excessive accumulation of plastic deformation
14、 to fom the so-called pit ballast and sleepers of the water pit below. Especially during the rainy season, soil moisture-based bed saturated, dynamic strength significantly reduced, so that ballast sharp decline in performanee, and may even lead to lines do nol have a serious impact on traffic safet
15、y and smooth.Keywords: Subgrade construction remediation measures Diseases目录第一章概述45.2. 1路基病害的类型51.2釆取正确的整治措施5第二章 路基病害的类型及防治95.3. 1路基病害的类型92.2路基病害产生的机理10第三章病害的预防和整治115.4. 1 病害的预防113.2病害的整治113.3铁路路基病害的整治工程13第四章路基病害成因分析185.5. 1工程概况184.2病害成因分析及工程措施18(2) 3施工方案及工艺194.4施工要求212004, 5施工注意事项223. 6整治效果22第五章铁路提
16、速区段路基病害整治的探讨234. 1线路概况232005, 2病害整治23(3) 3整治效果27参考文献28致 谢29第一章概述11路基病害的类型路基病害的种类主要有：基床病害、路基冻害、路基坡面病害；不良地质现 象引起的路基病害，如崩塌、落石、滑坡、泥石流等地段的路基病害；地区性的 路基病害，如黄土路基、软土及泥沼地区路基、盐渍土路基、盐湖路基、雪害地 区路基、风沙地区路基、岩溶地区路基、采空区路基病害等。路基是i条带状结 构工程，沿线经过的地质条件差别较大,填料也不均匀，加之近年來随着重载及提 速列车的大量开行，路基内应力水平、分布状态和作用方式显著改变，rti于既有铁 路线路基设计承载力偏小，在列车提速后荷载引起的动应力Z下,导致各种病害 的产生，或使已存在的病害更加严重，从而严重影响着列车的安全运行。1. 2米取正确的整治措施既
