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1、授課單元1.身體的功能(chapter 1)2.細胞構造及基因調控 (chapter 3)3.細胞及細胞外環境的互動 (chapter 6)4.神經系統：神經元及突觸 (chapter 7)英文PhysiologyHomeostasis Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth musclePositive Feedback Negative FeedbackPlasma membraneCytoplasmNucleusPhagoc
2、ytosisEndocytosisPinocytosisExocytosisDiffusionSimple diffusion Facilitated diffusionOsmosisOsmotic pressureMolarity(M)Molality(m)Osmolality(Osm)TonicityHypotonicHypertonicIsotonicHemolysisActive transportPassive transportMembrane potentialCNSPNSNeuronsDendritesAxonAfferentEfferent中文備註生理學恆定上皮組織結締組織肌
3、肉組織神經組織骨骼肌心肌平滑肌正迴饋負迴饋細胞 (漿)膜細胞質細胞核胞噬作用胞吞作用胞飲作用胞吐作用擴散簡單擴散促進性擴散滲透滲透壓體積莫耳濃度重量莫耳濃度滲透莫耳濃度滲透性低張高張等張溶血主動運輸被動運輸膜電位中樞神經系統周邊神經系統神經元樹突軸突傳入傳出5.中樞神經系統(chapter 8)Polarization極化Depolarization去極化Repolarization再極化Hyperpolarization過極化Refractory periods不反應期Synapse突觸ACh乙醯膽鹼ACHE乙醯膽鹼酯酶Neuromuscular junction神經肌肉接合EPSP興奮性突
4、觸後電位IPSP抑制性突觸後電位Catecholamine兒茶酚氨Dopamine多巴氨Endogenous opioids內生性類鴉片Norepinephrine正腎上腺素Epinephrine腎上腺素Serotonin血清氨Brain腦Cerebrum大腦Corpus callosum胼胝體CTX 射線電腦斷層攝影PET正子放射斷層攝影MRI核磁共振造影Electroencephalogram(EEG) 腦波圖REM快速動眼期睡眠Non-REM sleep非快速動眼期睡眠Basal Nuclei基底核Broca s aphasia布洛卡氏失語症Wernicke s aphasia魏尼凱氏失
5、語症Conduction aphasia傳導性失語症Amygdala杏仁核Hippocampus海馬回Corpus striatum紋狀體Thalamus視丘Hypothalamus下視丘Pituitary gland腦下垂體Midbrain中腦Pons橋腦Cerebellum小腦Medulla oblongata延腦Reticular formation網狀結構6.自主神經系統(chapter 9)7.感覺 (chapter 10)8.內分泌系統(chapter 11)(所有激素與臨床病變請熟記原文 )Spinal cord脊髓Ganglion神經節Sympathetic交感Parasymp
6、athetic副交感Divergence散開Convergence會聚Adrenal glands腎上腺Cholinergic膽鹼激素性Muscarine蕈毒鹼性Nicotinic菸鹼性Adrenergic腎上腺激素性Dual Innervation二元神經支配Limbic system邊緣系統Receptors感受器Nocirecptors傷害感受器Phasic相位性Tonic張力性Vestibular apparatus前庭器Cochlea耳蝸Organ of Corti柯氏器Iris虹膜Sclera鞏膜Cornea角膜Pupil瞳孔Lens水晶體Ciliary body睫狀體Glauco
7、ma青光眼Myopia近視Hyperopia遠視Astigmatism散光Retina視網膜Endocrine內分泌Down regulation向下調節Cortisol皮質醇Aldosterone醛固酮Corticosterone皮質固酮Thyroid gland甲狀腺Calcitonin降鈣素Parathyroid gland副甲狀腺Pancreas胰臟Islets of Langerhans蘭氏小島Glucagon昇糖素Insulin胰島素Pineal gland松果腺Melatonin螁黑激素Thymus胸腺Cytokines細胞介質素Interleukins介白素肌肉Prostagl
8、andins前列腺素Myofibers肌纖維9.(chapter 12)Twitch抽動收縮Summation加成作用Tetanus強直收縮Treppe階梯收縮Isotonic等張Isometric等長Actin肌動蛋白Myosin肌凝蛋白Cross bridge橫橋Troponin旋轉素Muscle spindle肌梭心臟和循環Stretch reflex牽張反射Circulation循環10.(chapter 13)Blood血液Plasma血漿Albumins白蛋白Globulins球蛋白Erythrocytes紅血球Hemoglobin血紅素Leukocytes白血球Platelets
9、血小板Erythropoietin紅血球生成素Transfusion輸血Heparin肝素Heart心臟Electrocardiogram心電圖Arteries動脈Capillaries微血管Veins靜脈Arrythmias心律不整11.心輸出量、血流及 Cardiac output心輸出量血壓 (chapter 14)Stroke volume心搏量Baroreceptor感壓感受器12.呼吸生理學(chapter 16)13.腎臟生理(chapter 17)Preload前負荷Afterload後負荷Edema水腫Renin-Angiotensin system腎素 -血管收縮素系統AN
10、F心房利鈉因子Tachycardia心跳過速Brandycardia心跳過慢Diastole/Systolic pressure舒張壓 /收縮壓Hypertension高血壓Respiration呼吸Ventilation換氣Alveoli肺泡Trachea氣管Diaphragm橫膈Compliance順應性Surfactant表面張力劑Inspiration吸氣Expiration呼氣Alkalosis鹼中毒Acidosis酸中毒Anemia貧血Chemoreceptor化學感受器TV潮氣容積IRV吸氣儲備容積ERV呼氣儲備容積RV肺餘容積TLC肺總容量VC肺活量IC吸氣容量FRC功能肺餘容量Kidney腎臟Ureter輸尿管Urinary bladder膀胱Urethra尿道Nephrons腎元Glomerulus腎絲球Filtration過濾Reabsorption再吸收Secretion分泌14.消化系統(chapter 18)
