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1、【演讲人】比尔盖茨 【演讲主题】老师们需要真正的反馈【演讲文稿-中英文】翻译者 明宽 张 校对 xuan wang每一个人都需要一位教练。 无论你是篮球运动员， 网球运动员，体操选手 或者是打桥牌的。 （笑声） Everyone needs a coach. It doesnt matter whether youre a basketball player, a tennis player, a gymnast or a bridge player. (Laughter) 00:18我的桥牌教练，Sharon Osberg， 说包含她后脑勺的照片 比世界上其他任何人的都多。（笑声） 抱歉，S
2、haron。这张应该可以了。 My bridge coach, Sharon Osberg, says there are more pictures of the back of her head than anyone elses in the world. (Laughter) Sorry, Sharon. Here you go. 00:30我们都需要能给我们反馈信息的人。 这是我们不断自我发展的方式。 遗憾的是，有一群人 几乎收不到系统化的反馈信息 来提高他们的工作效率， 而这一群人 从事着世界上最重要的职业之一。 我指的就是老师们。 当Melinda和我了解到 大部分老师得到的有用
3、的反馈有多么少时， 我们惊呆了。 直到最近，超过98%的老师 得到的反馈只包含一个词： 满意。 如果我的桥牌教练只跟我说 我的表现“令人满意”， 我永远也不可能变得更好。 我怎么知道谁是最好的？ 我怎么知道什么事我做的和别人不一样？ 现在，各个校区都在改进 评估教师的方式， 但是我们仍给他们很少能够 提高他们工作水平的反馈信息。 我们的教师应该受到更好的对待。 今天我们在用的系统对他们不公平。 这系统对学生也不公平， 而且置美国的全球领导地位于水深火热之中。 因此今天我想讲讲我们如何能帮助所有的老师 获得他们想要而且值得获得的提高自己的工具。 We all need people who wi
4、ll give us feedback. Thats how we improve. Unfortunately, theres one group of people who get almost no systematic feedback to help them do their jobs better, and these people have one of the most important jobs in the world. Im talking about teachers. When Melinda and I learned how little useful fee
5、dback most teachers get, we were blown away. Until recently, over 98 percent of teachers just got one word of feedback: Satisfactory. If all my bridge coach ever told me was that I was satisfactory, I would have no hope of ever getting better. How would I know who was the best? How would I know what
6、 I was doing differently? Today, districts are revamping the way they evaluate teachers, but we still give them almost no feedback that actually helps them improve their practice. Our teachers deserve better. The system we have today isnt fair to them. Its not fair to students, and its putting Ameri
7、cas global leadership at risk. So today I want to talk about how we can help all teachers get the tools for improvement they want and deserve. 01:54我们先来问问谁做得比较好。 遗憾的是，国际上没有一个用来给评估老师的系统 分等级的标准。 所以我看了看 那些拥有学术表现非常好的学生的国家， 然后看看他们在做什么 来帮助他们的教师提高教学水平。 我们来看看阅读水平的排名。 美国并不是第一。 我们甚至连前十都没能进入。 我们和冰岛以及波兰并列排名第15名
8、。 在阅读水平方面 做得比美国出色的地方中 又有多少个拥有能帮助教师提高自己的 正规流程？ 11个。 在阅读方面美国并列第15名， 但在科学与数学方面我们分别排在第23名与第31名。 因此我们只有一个方面排名比较靠前， 而那就是无法提供给教师 发展自己所需要的帮助。 Lets start by asking whos doing well. Well, unfortunately theres no international ranking tables for teacher feedback systems. So I looked at the countries whose stud
9、ents perform well academically, and looked at what theyre doing to help their teachers improve. Consider the rankings for reading proficiency. The U.S. isnt number one. Were not even in the top 10. Were tied for 15th with Iceland and Poland. Now, out of all the places that do better than the U.S. in
10、 reading, how many of them have a formal system for helping teachers improve? Eleven out of 14. The U.S. is tied for 15th in reading, but were 23rd in science and 31st in math. So theres really only one area where were near the top, and thats in failing to give our teachers the help they need to dev
11、elop their skills. 02:55我们来看看学业上表现最好的地区： 中国的上海。 他们在阅读，数学以及科学等所有方面 排名都是第一， 而上海能有这种令人惊讶的成功的关键之一就在于 他们帮助教师不断自我发展的方式。 他们确保年轻的教师 有机会看到资深教师授课。 他们每周都有让老师聚在一起 并讨论哪些教学方法比较有用的学习会。 他们甚至要求每位老师观察 他的同事并给他们反馈信息。 Lets look at the best academic performer: the province of Shanghai, China. Now, they rank number one ac
12、ross the board, in reading, math and science, and one of the keys to Shanghais incredible success is the way they help teachers keep improving. They made sure that younger teachers get a chance to watch master teachers at work. They have weekly study groups, where teachers get together and talk abou
13、t whats working. They even require each teacher to observe and give feedback to their colleagues. 03:33也许你会问，为什么这样的系统那么重要？ 这是因为在教师这个职业中 有太多的不同。 有的教师的教学效率远远超过其他教师。 事实上，在全国各地有一些老师 正在帮助他们的学生实现难以想象的巨大进步。 如果今天的普通老师 能和那些老师一样好， 我们的学生就可以在全世界独领风骚了。 因此我们需要一个能使我们每一位教师 和最好的教师一样好的系统。 You might ask, why is a syst
14、em like this so important? Its because theres so much variation in the teaching profession. Some teachers are far more effective than others. In fact, there are teachers throughout the country who are helping their students make extraordinary gains. If todays average teacher could become as good as
15、those teachers, our students would be blowing away the rest of the world. So we need a system that helps all our teachers be as good as the best. 04:06这样一个系统会是什么样子的？ 为了查明这个事情，我们的基金会 和全国各个校区 的3000多名老师合作开展了 一个叫“有效教育方式”(MET)的项目。 我们派遣观察员观看 老师在教学中的录像 并且评估他们所做的一系列事情。 举例来说，他们有没有问学生 具有挑战性的问题？ 他们有没有找到多种方式来解释
16、一个概念？ 我们也让学生做包含如 “你的老师是否知道 整个班级听懂了一堂课？” “你是否学会了改正错误？”等问题的问卷。 What would that system look like? Well, to find out, our foundation has been working with 3,000 teachers in districts across the country on a project called Measures of Effective Teaching. We had observers watch videos of teachers in the classroom and rate how they did on a range of practices. For example, did they ask their students challenging question
