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1、【演讲人】Barbara J. King【演讲主题】万物皆有灵：动物王国中的爱与悲伤【演讲文稿-中英文】翻译者 Carol Wang 校对 Jin GeId like to tell you today about an orca named Tahlequah. Tahlequah is also known as J35 to scientists, because she swims with the J Pod in the Salish Sea. These are the waters off of British Columbia and Washington State. 今天
2、我要讲一头虎鲸的故事， 她名叫塔勒阔， 科学家们也叫它 J35， 因为她和代号为 J 的鲸群 一起生活在赛利希海域， 这片水域毗邻 加拿大卑诗省和美国华盛顿州。 Now, last year, in July 2018, she was well along in her 17-month pregnancy, and scientists were very excited because no baby had survived in this pod for three long years. Now, orcas are also known as killer whales. The
3、yre profoundly social and profoundly intelligent beings. And scientists are very interested in their behavior, because in their social networks, they share habits, information and even affection. They create true cultures of the ocean. But this pod has been in trouble. The Chinook salmon that the or
4、cas favor has been way down in the region, and pollution has been up. But on July 24th, Tahlequah gave birth to a daughter, and scientists were so excited by this development. But unfortunately, the same day - in fact, shortly after birth - the calf died. 去年，也就是 2018 年 7 月， 怀有 17 个月身孕的她一切正常， 科学家们都特别
5、兴奋， 因为在长达 3 年的时间里， 这个鲸群的宝宝都夭折了。 虎鲸，又被称为逆戟鲸（杀手鲸）。 虎鲸是高度社会化、高智商动物， 科学家们对它们的行为很感兴趣， 因为它们在社交网中 分享习性、信息、 甚至还分享情感， 它们创造了真正的海洋文化。 但这个鲸群遇到了困难， 该水域里虎鲸喜食的 奇努克鲑鱼数量骤减， 而且水污染在持续恶化。 而在 7 月 24 日， 塔勒阔生了个女儿， 科学家们对此进展兴奋不已。 但不幸的是，就在同一天 其实，就在出生后不久， 虎鲸宝宝就夭折了。Well, what happened next electrified animal lovers across the
6、world, because Tahlequah refused to let her baby slip off into the water. She kept it on her body and she swam with it. If it did fall off, she would dive and rescue it, and she battled stiff currents to do this. Now, she kept this behavior up for 17 days, and during this time, she swam over 1,000 m
7、iles. At that point, she let the little baby slip off into the water. 然而，接下来发生的一幕 震惊了全世界的动物爱好者， 因为塔勒阔拒绝 让宝宝尸体沉入水底。 她背上驮着尸体一起游泳， 如果尸体滑落， 她会潜水再把尸体救起， 全然不顾激流的危险。 她驮着宝宝的尸体 游了整整 17 天， 一共游了 1000 多英里， 那时，她才让小宝宝 从她背上滑落、坠入水里。 So today, Tahlequah swims on with the J Pod, but her grief still moves me. And I do
8、 believe that grief is the right word to use. I believe that grief is the right word to use for numerous animals who mourn the dead. They may be friends or mates or relatives. Because these visible cues, these behavioral cues, tell us something about an animals emotional state. Now, for the last sev
9、en years, Ive been working to document examples of animal grief - in birds, in mammals, in domesticated animals and in wild animals - and I believe in the reality of animal grief. 今天，塔勒阔 依然跟随着 J 鲸群， 但她的悲痛依然感动着我。 我深信用“悲痛”这个词不为过， 我用“悲痛”这个词， 是因为无数动物 会哀悼死去的同类， 死者可能是它们的朋友、 伙伴或亲戚。 因为这些可见的行为线索 告诉我们动物情感状态的信
10、息。 在过去的 7 年里， 我一直在记录动物悲痛的例子 有鸟儿的、哺乳动物的， 家养动物的和野生动物的 我相信动物的 悲痛情感真实存在。 Now, I say it this way because I need to acknowledge to you right up front that not all scientists agree with me. And part of the reason, I think, is because of what I call the a-word. The a-word is anthropomorphism, and historical
11、ly, its been a big deterrent to recognizing animal emotions. So, anthropomorphism is when we project onto other animals our capacities or our emotions. And we can all probably think of examples of this. Lets say we have a friend who tells us, My cat understands everything I say. Or, My dog, hes so s
12、weet. he ran right across the yard this morning towards a squirrel, and I know he just wants to play. Well, maybe. Or maybe not. Im skeptical about claims like those. But animal grief is different, because were not trying to read an animals mind. Were looking at visible cues of behavior and trying t
13、o interpret them with some meaning. 我这样说， 是因为我必须事先说明 并非所有科学家都同意我的观点。 我觉得，部分原因 是因为我所说的“A-单词”。 这个单词就是“拟人化“， 它一直被用来 区分动物情感。 当把我们的能力和感情 想象到动物身上时，就是拟人化。 而且，我们都可能想出这样的例子。 假设一位朋友告诉我们说， “我的猫咪明白我说的所有事情。” 或，“我的狗太可爱了， 今天早上他穿过院子追松鼠， 我知道他只想玩而已。” 好吧，也许吧； 或者，也许不是。 我对类似那样的说法表示怀疑。 但动物的悲痛与此不同， 因为，我们不是试图解读动物的想法， 我们在观察
14、可见的行为线索， 并尝试用某种意义来解释它们。 Now, its true - scientists often push back at me, and theyll say, Ah, look, the animal might be stressed, or maybe the animals just confused because his or her routine has been disrupted. But I think that this overworry about anthropomorphism misses a fundamental point. And t
15、hat is that animals can care very deeply for each other, maybe they even love each other. And when they do, a survivors heart can be pierced by a death. Lets face it: if we deny evolutionary continuity, we are really missing out on embracing part of ourselves. So yes, I believe in the reality of ani
16、mal grief, and I also think that if we recognize it, we can make the world a better place for animals, a kinder place for animals. 这是真的 科学家经常反驳我， 他们会说， “啊，看呐，这动物可能压力大， 抑或，这动物很困惑， 因为它的日常生活被打乱了。” 但我认为，这种 关于拟人化的过度担忧 忽略了一个基本点， 就是动物们会深深关爱彼此， 甚至爱上彼此。 当他们爱彼此时， 一方的去世会伤透生者的心。 我们看一看： 如果我们否认进化的连续性， 我们真会错过拥抱自己的一部分。 所以是的，我相信动物悲伤的现实， 我也认为如果我们认识到它， 就能让这个世界 成为更适合动物的地方， 一个对动物更友善的地方。 So let me tell you a little bit more about animal
