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1、. .仿生复眼论文：人工仿生复眼的光学设计仿真及其数控加工工艺研究【中文摘要】光学成像系统作为智能机器人、微飞行器、准确制导武器、预警卫星的“眼睛,是这些大型系统感知外界信息的主要来源。目前,光学成像系统的开展方向是越来越趋于小型化、轻量化和大视场,而仿生复眼光学系统正好具有这些优势,因此吸引了国内外众多科学家对其进展研究,并取得了一些研究成果。但目前制造出的仿生光学复眼大多采用平面构造或球面微透镜阵列,限制了仿生光学复眼视场扩大和成像精度进一步提高;此外,仿生复眼加工工艺仍存在缺乏,难以实现大批量生产。因此,对仿生复眼的构造进一步优化并对其加工工艺进展深入研究具有重要的理论意义与实用价值。首
2、先,对现有的曲面仿生光学复眼构造进展了分析,在此根底上采用了非球面微透镜代替原有的球面微透镜,以提高仿生复眼中单眼的成像性能。设计过程中采用了逐次接近法并结合ZEMAX软件中的光学设计优化模块完成了非球面的设计,并获得了仿生复眼模型;通过光线追迹进展仿真验证,结果说明优化后的小眼透镜的像差有了较显著的减小,同时整个曲面仿生复眼的边缘成像质量明显提高。然后,研究并规划了仿生复眼微铣削加工的走刀轨迹。通过分析各种走刀方式的优劣,并综合考虑仿生复眼加工外表形状和刀具形状、尺寸等具体因素,确定出了粗、精加工策略和加工参数,计算出走刀轨迹并通过后置处理获取G代码;在VERICUT软件中建立逼真的虚拟加工
3、环境对仿生复眼的加工过程进展仿真,验证G代码的正确性,确保加工过程无任何干预。最后,在国内率先采用精细微铣削方法加工出较好外表质量的曲面仿生光学复眼样件,外表粗糙度Ra优于0.2?m;采用超景深显微镜测试各个小眼曲面的加工质量,通过比照不同参数和走刀方式下加工出的小眼透镜外表质量,对仿生复眼的微铣削加工工艺进展探究和讨论。本课题设计出的曲面仿生复眼的成像精度较现有构造有明显的改善,加工出的仿生复眼样件已能初步实现复眼构造的成像功能;并得出了仿生复眼的微铣削加工工艺对加工质量的影响规律,对自由曲面类微构造器件的设计和微铣削加工具有实际的参考意义。【英文摘要】Used as eyes of int
4、elligent robots, micro-aircraft, precision-guided weapons and early warning satellite, optical imaging system is the main source of those large scale in gaining information from outside world. At present, the development direction of optical imaging system is miniaturized, lightweight and wide field
5、. Having all these advantages, the artificial optical compound eye (AOCP) system attracts numerous scientists doing research on it and some results have been achieved. However the existing artificial optical compound eyes mostly use plane structure or spherical micro-lens array which limits the expa
6、nsion of field and the promotion of imaging precision and due to the limitation of processing of AOCP, mass production is difficult to achieve. Therefore, it has significant theoretical meaning and practical value to optimize the structure and study the manufacture process of AOCP in depth.In this p
7、aper, analyzing the existing AOCP structure is put forward and based on which, using aspherical micro-lens to improve the image performance of single micro-lens instead of previous spherical micro-lens. Successive asymptotical method combined with the optimization module of ZEMAX is used to design t
8、he aspherical surface and the model of artificial compound eye is obtained. The results of ray trace indicates that the aberration of single micro-lens decreases significantly and the image quality of the edge of artificial compound eye is improved after the structure optimization.Tool path of milli
9、ng processing of AOCP is studied. According to the surface form, the shape and size of the tool, manufacturing strategy and processing parameters are determined. Then the tool path is calculated and G code is obtained through post process, moreover virtual machining environment is constructed in VER
10、ICUT to simulate the manufacture process of AOCP,the result demonstrates that the G code is correct and there is no interference during the process.Finally, AOCP sample with high surface quality is manufactured first inland with the method of precision micro-milling and the surface roughness Ra is l
11、ess than 0.2?m. After testing each micro-lens processing quality with digital microscope and comparing surface quality under different processing parameters and tool path, micro-milling process of AOCP is studied and discussed.In this paper, the imaging accuracy of the novel AOCP is superior to exis
12、ting structure and the sample of AOCP could accomplish imaging function of the structure of compound eye preliminarily, meanwhile, the principle of influence on the micro-milling process on the manufacturing quality of AOCP is obtained. The thesis could offer reference to the design and manufacture
13、of microstructure with free surface.【关键词】仿生复眼 非球面 微透镜阵列 刀具轨迹规划 微铣削【英文关键词】artificial compound eye aspheric surface micro-lens array tool path planning micro-milling【目录】人工仿生复眼的光学设计仿真及其数控加工工艺研究摘要4-5Abstract5-6第1章 绪论9-181.1 课题背景91.2 研究的目的和意义9-111.3 仿生复眼的国内外研究现状及分析11-141.3.1 仿生复眼设计仿真的研究现状11-131.3.2 仿生复眼加
14、工方法的研究现状13-141.4 超精细微细机械加工技术的研究现状14-171.5 本文的主要研究内容17-18第2章 仿生复眼的光学设计仿真与建模18-322.1 仿生复眼的总体构造设计18-212.1.1 总体构造参数设计19-202.1.2 各小眼透镜的方位角计算202.1.3 各小眼透镜有效焦距的计算20-212.2 单个非球面小眼透镜的设计21-252.2.1 非球面透镜的设计方法21-232.2.2 设计球面小眼透镜初始模型23-242.2.3 确定边缘光线的入射和出射位置242.2.4 采用二次曲面矫正边缘环带的球差24-252.3 ZEMAX 中非球面的优化25-282.3.1
15、 ZEMAX 中像差评价函数262.3.2 建立透镜模型26-272.3.3 优化变量和优化类型选择272.3.4 设置优化操作数27-282.3.5 ZEMAX 优化结果282.4 仿生复眼三维模型建立28-292.5 仿生复眼的光线追迹分析29-302.5.1 单个小眼光线追迹29-302.5.2 整体复眼光线追迹302.6 本章小结30-32第3章 仿生复眼数控加工工艺规划32-453.1 Cimatron E 微铣削模块32-333.2 Cimatron E 中仿生复眼加工刀路轨迹规划33-413.2.1 确定加工模型和毛坯33-343.2.2 定义刀具34-353.2.3 创立刀路353.2.4 粗加工刀路轨迹规划35-383.2.5 精加工刀路轨迹规划38-403.2.6 刀路轨迹仿真和后置处理40-413.3 VERICUT 加工过程仿真41-443.3.1 VERICUT 仿真操作流程41-423
