精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Unit 4 Organization and InstitutionText A Preparatory Work 〔1〕a. Institutionalization: refers to the process of embedding some conception 〔for example a belief, norm, social role, particular value or mode of behavior〕 within an organization, social system, or society as a whole. The term may also be used to refer to committing a particular individual or group to an institution, such as a mental or welfare institution.b. Solitary confinement: is a form of imprisonment in which an inmate is isolated from any human contact, often with the exception of members of prison staff. It is mostly employed as a form of punishment beyond incarceration for a prisoner, usually for violations of prison regulations. However, it is also used as an additional measure of protection for vulnerable inmates. In the case prisoners at high risk of suicide, it can be used to prevent access to items that could allow the prisoner to self-harm.c. Parole: is the provisional release of a prisoner who agrees to certain conditions prior to the completion of the maximum sentence period. A specific type of parole is medical parole or compassionate release which is the release of prisoners on medical or humanitarian grounds. Conditions of parole often include things such as obeyingthe law, refraining from drug and alcohol use, avoiding contact with the parolee s’victims, obtaining employment, and maintaining required contacts with a parole officer.d. Rehabilitation: is the re-integration into society of a convicted person and the main objective of modern penal policy, to counter habitual offending, also known as criminal recidivism. Alternatives to imprisonment also exist, such as community service, probation orders, and others entailing guidance and aftercare towards the offender.〔2〕Main publications: Influencing Attitudes and Changing Behavior 〔2nd ed.〕. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley., 1977, Psychology 〔3rd Edition〕, Reading, MA: Addison Wesley Publishing Co., 1999, Psychology And Life, 17/e, Allyn & Bacon Publishing, 2005, The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil , Random House, New York, 2007Main research interests:social psychology, particularly prison study, social intensity syndrome study 〔related to discharged soldiers〕.〔3〕可编辑资料 -- -- -- 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Name of experiment Description of theexperimentExperiment on obedience A series of socialpsychology experiments conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram. They measured the willingnessRelation of the experiment with the textClosely related with thetext since they are all about the effect of assigned roles.可编辑资料 -- -- -- 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 -- -- -- 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 -- -- -- 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 -- -- -- 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Small-world experiment 〔six degrees of separation〕of study participants, men from a diverse range of occupations with varying levels of education, to obey an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts conflicting with their personal conscience; the experiment found, unexpectedly, that a very high proportion of people were prepared to obey, albeit unwillingly, even if apparently causing serious injury and distress. The small-world experiment comprised several experiments conducted by Stanley Milgram and other researchersexamining the average path length for social networks of people in the United States. The research wasgroundbreaking in that it suggested that human society is a small-world-type network characterized by short path-lengths. The experiments are often associatedwith the phrase“ six degrees ofNot closely related with the text since the experiment is about social networking between individuals in the United States.可编辑资料 -- -- -- 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结separation , ” althoughMilgram did not use this term himself.Critical ReadingI. Understanding the text 1.Part Para〔s〕 Main idea可编辑资料 -- -- -- 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I. Anecdote and introduction1-2 A case showing the necessity for prison reform可编辑资料 -- -- -- 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 -- -- -- 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 -- -- -- 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 -- -- -- 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结II. Body 3-10 〔the experiment〕The experiment of a mock prison with guards and prisoners were carried out and had to end earlier because of the frightening effect.可编辑资料 -- -- -- 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结III. Findings 11-13 〔implication〕 Individual。