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1、虚拟语气解析及练习与答案详解虚拟语气一、虚拟语气的运用 1、状语从句中的虚拟语气（1）非真实条件句中的虚拟语气（if引导的条件句）说明从句谓语主句谓语例句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。 If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。 If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不
2、会找我帮忙的。与过去事实相反had + 过去分词would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam. 如果上学期你努力学习的话，你考试就会及格了。与将来事实相反动词过去式（be用were）/should + 动词原形/were to + 动词原形would/ should/ co
3、uld/ might + 动词原形If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。省略if 的用法有were, had, should等可省if，将were/had/should移至句首主句的形式分别与上述三种情况相同。Were I you, I should buy it.如果我是你，我就买了它。Had you studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam. 如果上学期你努力学习的话，你考试就会及格了。Had it not been for his
4、help, I wouldnt have succeeded.如果没有他的帮助，我就不会成功。含蓄条件句在虚拟语气中，有时并没有明显的表示条件的句子，而是通过句子的逻辑关系或一些词、短语等暗示出来，如without, but for(要不是), otherwise(否则)But for the English test, I would have gone home this week.要不是英语测试，我这个礼拜就回家了。Without war in the world, people would live a more happy life.如果世界上没有战争，人们生活得会更幸福。He is
5、 ill. Otherwise he could come.他病了，否则他会来的。错综时间的条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句和从句的谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同。If you had listened to me, you wouldnt be in such trouble now. （过去-现在）如果你听了我的话，你现在就不会有这样的麻烦了。If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the movie last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那部电影了。(现在-过去)If they had left home early, t
6、hey would arrive in half an hour.要是他们离家早的话，半个小时就该到了。（过去将来）If Monica should arrive today, she must have started three days ago. （将来过去）如果莫妮卡今天到达的话，那她一定在三天前就动身了。（2）方式状语从句（as if/ though）说明从句谓语例句特别提示与现在/将来情况相反动词过去式（be用were）She loves the child as if he were her own.John pretends as if he didnt know the th
7、ing at all.从句时态与主句没有关系。与过去情况相反Had +过去分词He speaks English as if he had studied it in England before.（3）让步状语从句（even if /though）说明从句谓语主句谓语例句与现在/将来情况相反动词过去式（be用were）Would/should+动词原形Even if they were to fail, they wouldnt lose courage.即使他们会失败，他们也不会泄气。与过去情况相反Had +过去分词Would/should +have+过去分词Even if it had
8、 been raining, we should have had a get-together.即使天下雨了，我们也应聚聚的。(4)目的状语从句（so that, in order that等引导）（了解内容）从句谓语例句特别提示Can/could/may/might/would/should+动词原形We had a meeting so that we could know what to do next.我们开了个会以便能了解接下来该做什么。We took a taxi in order that we could get there on time.为了按时到达那里，我们乘了辆出租车
9、。现在英语中常用陈述句语气。2、名词性从句中的虚拟语气分类说明从句谓语例句主语从句在it is/was important/apity/necessary/suggested/required that 等句子中 (Should+)动词原形Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 It was a great pity that you (should) have made so many mistakes in your mat
10、h exercise. 太遗憾了，你居然在数学练习中犯了那么多错误 宾语从句主句谓语是would rather/sooner/prefer等与现在/将来情况相反过去式I would rather you came this weekend.我宁愿你这个周末来。与过去情况相反Had+过去分词I would rather he had visited us yesterday.我宁愿他昨天来看过我们。主句谓语是wish与现在情况相反动词过去式（be用were）I wish it were spring all the year round. 要是一年到头都是春天该多好啊！ I wish I cou
11、ld help you. 但愿我能帮助你。 与过去情况相反Had+过去分词She wishes she had been here last week. 她想要是她上星期在这里就好了。 与将来情况相反would/could/might + 动词原形I wish you would be more careful in future. 希望你今后会更小心一些才好。在suggest, advise, propose, insist, demand, desire, request, require, decide, order, command等表示建议、要求、决定或命令的动词 （should+）
12、动词原形We proposed that the medicine (should) be cleaned again. 我们提出把那台机器再清洗一次。 The captain ordered that we (should) leave the village before daybreak. 上尉下令叫我们在天亮前离开村庄。 The students requested that the teachers sing a song at the English evening. 学生们要求老师们在英语晚会上唱一支歌。 I insist she go there with her mother
13、. 我坚持要她同她母亲到那儿去。注意 insist作“力言”、“强调”解时宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 迈克力言他从未偷过东西。表语从句主句主语为表示命令、建议、要求等的名词，如suggestion, order, advice, desire, idea, request, proposal等（should+）动词原形My advice is that more trees (should) be planted around the village. 我的建议是在村庄周围多种些树。 Their pr
14、oposal is that we (should) set up a spare time school for them. 他们的提议是要我们为他们成立一所业余学校。 His idea is that we (should) discuss the report. 他的意见是我们应讨论一下这个报告。 同位语从句表示建议、命令、希望、要求等的名词如suggestion, order, proposal, idea, plan（should+）动词原形We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. 我们都同意他的意见，去北京观光。 What do you think of the idea that we (should) begin the second experiment at once 你认为我们立即开始第二次实验的意见怎么样 3、其他情况的虚拟语气分类从句谓语 例句It is (high/about) time that过去式/should+动词原形（should不能省略）It is time we went to bed. Its about time you began your work.If onl
