Knowing About Translation 英语长句译成汉语可用三种方法:英语长句译成汉语可用三种方法:原序译法、换序译法原序译法、换序译法和和拆分译法拆分译法但在翻译实践中,不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法但在翻译实践中,不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法在句子结构较为复杂、两种语言的逻辑关系和思维顺序差异较在句子结构较为复杂、两种语言的逻辑关系和思维顺序差异较大时,我们还可以采用大时,我们还可以采用重组法重组法,即理清长句的复杂结构,即理清长句的复杂结构,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation重组法摆脱原文语序和句子形式的约束,综合摆脱原文语序和句子形式的约束,综合使用几种长句翻译方法和其他技巧,按使用几种长句翻译方法和其他技巧,按照汉语的逻辑和叙述习惯重新组合句子,照汉语的逻辑和叙述习惯重新组合句子,使译文流畅、自然使译文流畅、自然1、按照原文顺序进行翻译,但进行适当拆分,并适当增加、按照原文顺序进行翻译,但进行适当拆分,并适当增加词语It is a strategy that more and more companies are employing and one that experts around the country say we ought to be following with our children, both at home and at school.译:现在这种策略已被越来越多的公司所采用。
译:现在这种策略已被越来越多的公司所采用而且,全国各地的专家认为,对待孩子也而且,全国各地的专家认为,对待孩子也应仿效这种做法,无论是在家里还是在学应仿效这种做法,无论是在家里还是在学校Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation2、 对句子进行适当拆分对句子进行适当拆分,并调整语序并调整语序1) The construction of such a satellite is now believed to be quite reliable (1), its realization being supported with all the contemporary science (2), which have brought into being not only materials capable of withstanding severe stresses involved and high temperatures developed, but new technological processes as well (3).析:英语原句中,析:英语原句中,(1) 是主句,是主句,(2) 是独立主格结构,是独立主格结构,(3) 是非限制性是非限制性 定语从句,补充说明(定语从句,补充说明(2)中的)中的 “contemporary science”,在翻,在翻 译时拆开了定语从句,并将此从句提到句首,使行文较为自然。
译时拆开了定语从句,并将此从句提到句首,使行文较为自然译:现代科学的一切成就不仅提供了能够承受高温、高压的材料,译:现代科学的一切成就不仅提供了能够承受高温、高压的材料,而且也提供了新的工艺流程依靠现代科学的这些成就,相信而且也提供了新的工艺流程依靠现代科学的这些成就,相信完全可以制造出这样的人造卫星完全可以制造出这样的人造卫星Part Four: Writing and Translation TranslationTo be continued3、对句子的某些短语进行结构转换,某些语法结构进行拆分,、对句子的某些短语进行结构转换,某些语法结构进行拆分,适当增添词,并调整语序适当增添词,并调整语序析:句子主干是析:句子主干是“The big problem of and the big problem of have to be solved in the course of translation”,翻译中被拆,翻译中被拆分为两个汉语句子,短语分为两个汉语句子,短语“The big problem of”进行了结构转进行了结构转换,使之成为汉语的句子;定语从句换,使之成为汉语的句子;定语从句“which ranges from”修饰修饰 Chinese,在译文中采用了换序方法,将它提前;在此句,在译文中采用了换序方法,将它提前;在此句翻译中进行了重新组合,还采用了增词技巧。
翻译中进行了重新组合,还采用了增词技巧1) The big problem of comprehension of the English text and the big problem of how to express it in rich, present-day Chinese which ranges from the classical to the colloquial, have to be solved in the course of translation.Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation译:了解英语原义是一个大问题,现代汉语文言口语兼收并蓄,译:了解英语原义是一个大问题,现代汉语文言口语兼收并蓄, 怎么用这样丰富多彩的文字来表达英语原义也是一个大问怎么用这样丰富多彩的文字来表达英语原义也是一个大问 题这两个问题都要在翻译中得到解决这两个问题都要在翻译中得到解决Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation译:必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的译:必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事,而这一切对人的体力和洞察力都是一大考验。
因此,行事,而这一切对人的体力和洞察力都是一大考验因此,一旦考虑成熟,就应迅速做出决策一旦考虑成熟,就应迅速做出决策2) Decisions must be made very rapidly; physical endurance is tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation4、对长句中的某些从句进行结构转换,并按照汉语的叙事顺、对长句中的某些从句进行结构转换,并按照汉语的叙事顺序调整语序序调整语序Dr. Smith resumed the activities of the anti-cancer experiment begun in 1945 and financed by the Federal government (1) as soon as he recovered from his original disappointment at repeated failures, which had resulted in its forced suspension (2).析:句中析:句中(1)是主句,其中过去分词短语是主句,其中过去分词短语 “begun in 1945 and financed by the Federal government” 作为定语修饰作为定语修饰 experiment,(2) 是是 “as soon as” 引导的时间状语从句,引导的时间状语从句,包含着包含着which引导的非限制性定语从句。
翻译时,按汉语叙事引导的非限制性定语从句翻译时,按汉语叙事习惯,以习惯,以时间顺序重新安排语序时间顺序重新安排语序,把,把 “his original disappointment at repeated failures” 转换成因果关系转换成因果关系,并在,并在翻译时把名词翻译时把名词转译转译成了动词成了动词Part Four: Writing and Translation TranslationTo be continued译:史密斯医生于译:史密斯医生于1945年开始着手由联邦政年开始着手由联邦政府资助的抗癌实验他由于屡遭失败而感府资助的抗癌实验他由于屡遭失败而感到沮丧,被迫终止了实验工作现在他又到沮丧,被迫终止了实验工作现在他又重新振作起来,恢复了抗癌实验活动重新振作起来,恢复了抗癌实验活动Dr. Smith resumed the activities of the anti-cancer experiment begun in 1945 and financed by the Federal government (1) as soon as he recovered from his original disappointment at repeated failures, which had resulted in its forced suspension (2).Part Four: Writing and Translation TranslationPart Four: Writing and Translation Translation 英语的长句的语法结构、逻辑关系与语义往往比较复英语的长句的语法结构、逻辑关系与语义往往比较复杂,且各种词类、非谓语动词以及充当形式主语和宾语杂,且各种词类、非谓语动词以及充当形式主语和宾语的的it等交错运用,要把长句翻译得准确、流畅、实质上需等交错运用,要把长句翻译得准确、流畅、实质上需要充分运用各种翻译技巧,并结合上下文语境,或顺译,要充分运用各种翻译技巧,并结合上下文语境,或顺译,或倒译,或拆分,或结构转换,或增减词汇,对全句进或倒译,或拆分,或结构转换,或增减词汇,对全句进行综合处理,以便通顺、忠实地传递原文意思。
行综合处理,以便通顺、忠实地传递原文意思总结总结Translation PracticePart Four: Writing and Translation TranslationTranslate the following sentences into Chinese.1. When I can wake up and watch the sun-rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness. 大部分日子我都能自己醒来,然后去观赏海洋上空的日出大部分日子我都能自己醒来,然后去观赏海洋上空的日出美景,心里知道我有整整一天属于我自己,不受任何干扰,美景,心里知道我有整整一天属于我自己,不受任何干扰,可以写几页稿子,牵狗散散步,读读书,听听音乐。
每每这可以写几页稿子,牵狗散散步,读读书,听听音乐每每这样做这样想的时候,喜悦就如同潮水般向我涌来样做这样想的时候,喜悦就如同潮水般向我涌来To be continuedPart Four: Writing and Translation Translation2. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social i。