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1、精选word文档 下载可编辑1)疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个指人who,whom,whose指物what既可指人又可指物which2)疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what,which,whose还可作限定词。试比较疑问代词Whose are these books on the desk桌上的书是谁的What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial1 expansion美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的限定词Whose books are these on t
2、he desk桌上的书是谁的What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国说明1无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如Which girls do you like best你喜欢哪几个姑娘What girls do you like best你喜欢什么样的姑娘说明2Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语
3、或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom,例如Who(m)did you meet on the street你在街上遇到了谁(作动词宾语)Who(m)are you taking the book to你要把这书带给谁(作介词宾语,置句首)To whom did you speak on the campus你在校园里和谁讲话了(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。)说明3疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如For what do most people live and w
4、ork大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么(旧文体)What are you looking for你在找什么(现代英语)说明4疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如I cant make out what he is driving at.我不知道他用意何在。Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗Much of what you say I agree with,but I cannot go all the way with you.你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。扩展指示代词的用法1)指示代词分单数(th
5、is / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如单数 复数限定词This girl is Mary.Those men are myteachers.代 词This is Mary. Those are my teachers.2)指示代词的句法功能;a. 作主语This is the way to do it.这事儿就该这样做。b. 作宾语I like this better than that.我喜欢这个甚至那个。c. 作主语补语My point is this.我的观点就是如此。d. 作介词宾语I dont say no to that.我并
6、未拒绝那个。There is no fear1 of that.那并不可怕。说明1指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例如(对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。(that作主语,指人)(对)He is going2 to marry3 this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)(错)He is going to marry this.(this作宾语时不能指人)(对)I bought this.我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)说明2That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和 these不能,同时,在作先行
7、词时,只有those可指人,试比较(对) He admired4 that which looked beautiful.他赞外表漂亮的东西。(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)(错) He admired that who danced well.(that作宾语时不能指人)(对) He admired those who danced well.他赞跳舞好的人。(those指人)(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)