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1、精品学习资源PUTONGHUA1. Putonghua is the common language of the Han ethnic group in China.Its standard Chinese language. Its Mandarin and official.Its based on Beijing phonetics and the dialect of the northern China.2. The Chinese language is divided into seven major dialects. Speakers ofdifferent dialect
2、s in some cases cannot understand each other, but dialects are unified by the fact that they share a common script. The seven Chinese dialects are Northern dialect, Wu dialect, Xiang dialect, Gan dialect, Mindialect, Hakkaspoken in northern Guangdong and other provinces and Cantonese.3. Min, Hakka a
3、nd Cantonese are widely spoken among overseas Chinesecommunities. In Taiwan a form of Min dialect is used, though the official language is Mandarin. Mandarin is also widely used in Singapore, where its known as Huayu. Cantonese is mainly used in Hongkong, Macao and Guangdong province.4. There are tw
4、o system in written Chinese. One is simplified, the other istraditional. The simplified is used in Mainland. The traditional is used byH.k. Macao, Taiwan and overseas Chinese communities.欢迎下载精品学习资源How do we learn pinyin well.1. Today we will learn pinyin.2. What is pinyin.Pinyin is the mark of phone
5、tic notation for Chinese characters. Its made of three parts: initials, finals and tones.3. For example, p.nyn,n.ho,xi xi,zajan4. After learn three parts, we should be able to pronounce every single word.5. How do we learn pinyin.We divide our pinyin class into 10 classes.In the first or second clas
6、s, firstly recognize all three parts. Secondly, practice group by group. Thirdly, do some exercises.Steps:带读说明方法舍弃Mistakes：发音部位发音方法莫名其妙的读法： iFirst, try to pronounce i,and then your tongue stays here,gradually purse your lips.Try it yourself.的标调方法： When you see j q x y initial goes with, you can see
7、u.欢迎下载精品学习资源INITIALS AND FINALSInitial Sounds:22These initial letters havethe same pronunciationas in English:f,l,m,s,w,y.m- as in mann- as in nol- as in letter.f- as in froms- as in studentw- as in womanThe following initial letters haveslight differences as noted below. If the comment calls for a
8、strong puff of breath, old your open hand several inches from your mouth and make certain that you can actually feel the breath as you pronounce the letter.p- as in pun or pop note: use a strong puff of breath.k- as in cop note: use a strong puff of breath.t- as in top note: use a strong puff of bre
9、ath.b- as in bum note: no puff of breath.d- as in dung note: no puff of breath.g- as in good note: no puff of breath.h- as in hot note: slightly more aspirated than inEnglish The following initial letters are the more difficult for English speakers:.z-as in friends.c-as in bits .s-almost the same as
10、 the pronounce of s in English.zh- as in judge.ch- as in church, but with a strong puff of breath.sh- as in shirt.r- as in run.j- as in jeep.q- like the ch in cheese欢迎下载精品学习资源.x- like the sh in sheep Final Ending Sounds:39The finals connect with the Intitial sounds to create the one syllable words t
11、hat are thebasis of the Chinese language.Although all Chinese words are one syllable, they are often combined to create terms made from several words.-a as in father.-an like the sounds of John or angry.-ang like the sound of under or rang .-ai as in high.-ao as in how or out.-o like aw.-ou like the
12、 ow in low or boat.-ong like the ung in lung with a slight oo sound.-e sounds like uh.-en like un in open.-eng like the ung in lung.-ei like a long a or the ei in eight.-er like the er in herd.-i like a long e or the i in machine or see.-ia like ya in yard.-ian similar to yen.-iang-i followed by ang
13、.-iao like yow in yowl.-ie like ye in yes欢迎下载精品学习资源.-in as in bin.-ing like sing.-iong i merged with ong.-iu like yo in yoga.-u like the oo in loop.-ua u followed by a.-uai like wi in wild.-uan u followed by an.-uang like wang in twang.-uang u followed by eng, which exists only with zero initial as
14、weng.-ui similar to way.-un as in fun.-uo as in war.- First, try to pronounce i, and then your tongue stays here, gradually purse your lips. Try it yourself.-uan followed by an, only with initials j,q,x.-ue/ e.-un with n, like French une欢迎下载精品学习资源Rules of spelling1. The finals of zhi chi shi ri zi ci si are i.2. As for final
