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1、宾语从句宾语从句知识精讲一、定义宾语从句是英语复合句中非常重要的从句之一，也是初中阶段要求重点掌握的从句。宾语从句属于名词性从句，是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语。宾语从句一般做介词或及物动词的宾语，如：We all expect that they will win.我们所有人都盼着他们能赢。（动宾）We are talking about whether we should keep the money.我们正在讨论是否应该收下这笔钱。（介宾）二、宾语从句的连接词宾语从句的引导词很多样，基本涵盖了从句中涉及的所有引导词，可分为从属连词，连接代词和连接副词，用法如下表：连接词连接词的作用例句t
2、hat本身无意义，只起连接作用，在口语中可省略。He said that it was a good present.他说这是一份好礼物。what, which,who, whose,whom等连接代词在从句中作一定成分，可作主语，宾语，定语等I dont know what you are talking about.我不知道你在说什么。He wanted to know whose box it was.他想知道这个箱子是谁的。when, where,why, how等连接副词在从句中作状语，如时间状语，地点状语，原因状语等。Could you tell me where you are
3、from?你能告诉我你来自哪吗？People never know how he did that.人们从来也不知道他是如何做到的。if/whether宾语从句中意思都是“是否”，不作成分，但不能省略。He asked me if it would rain tomorrow.他问我明天是否会下雨。二、宾语从句的时态1. 若主句是现在时的某种时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），宾语从句不受限制，可以根据实际情况随意穿越，如：I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。He has told me that he will le
4、ave for Shanghai next week.他已经告诉我下周他就要动身去上海了。2. 若主句是过去时的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），如：I only knew he was studying in a western country.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书。My teacher told me that Mrs. Rosemary had been back to Australia already.我的老师告诉我，Rosemary夫人已经回澳大利亚了。The report
5、er asked if the government would take necessary measures to deal with smog.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施处理雾霾。3. 若从句是一个客观真理,那么从句用一般现在时，不根据主句的时态而变化，如：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound last week.上周老师告诉我们说光比声音传播快。三、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，尤其疑问词作连接词的句子要格外注意，因为读起来与正常疑问句不同，容易出错，陈述语序即主语+谓语的顺序，如：Is it
6、a good idea? Do you think so?=Do you think (that) it is a good idea?四、宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, consider等,并且主句的主语是第一人称时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party. ()I think he wont come to my party. ()我认为他不会来我的舞会.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,
7、is he?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?五、宾语从句的简化1. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句谓语动词为hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等词时，从句可简化为不定式结构，如：My friend hopes that he can receive a birthday present.=My friend hopes to receive a birthday present.我的朋友希望收到一份生日礼物。2. 当宾语从句主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等，从句有疑问词引导时，从
8、句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构，如：She doesnt know what she should say next.=She doesnt know what to say next.她不知道该说些什么。三点剖析一、重难点：宾语从句时初中阶段重点考点，考试最后一题单选题往往涉及，考查重点主要是从宾语从句的语序和时态入手，判断时态，还原陈述语序也就是做这种题的关键。二、易错点：1. if, whether在宾语从句中的区别在宾语从句中if和whether都是“是否”的意思，但在一下情况下，只能用whether1). if和whether在作“是否”解时，介词后一般不用if，如：They ar
9、e talking about whether she will come tonight.他们正在讨论今晚她会不会来。2). whether后可以加or not，但是if不可以，如：They dont know whether she will come or not.他们不知道她会不会来。3). 在不定式前只能用whether，如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。4). 避免歧异时，我们常用whether而不用if，如：They are wondering if she can come. ()They are wondering whet
10、her she can come. ()注：if只有在宾从中才作“是否”理解，在常见的条件状语从句中翻译为“如果”，如：If I pass the exam, I will get a present from my mom.如果通过考试，我将从妈妈那里得到个礼物。2. 宾语从句中不可省略的thatthat引导宾语从句没有意思，大多时候可以省略，但若多个宾语从句并列时，第一个that可省略，其余连词后的that必须要在，以表示与前一句宾语从句并列，否则会出现歧义，如：He admits (that) there are some problems in this software and th
11、at it will take a while to solve them.他承认软件有问题，同时承认解决问题需要一些时间。题模精选题模一：关系词选择例1.1.1 -Its said that the new highway has been completed.-Yes, but we dont know _ its to be opened to traffic soon.A whichB whenC whetherD since例1.1.2 -Its so late. Why not write the report tomorrow?-But I dont know _ I can d
12、o it if not now.A whyB whenC howD where例1.1.3 选择恰当关系词填空1. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today? (who, whom)2. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon. (how, why)题模二：宾语从句的语序和时态例1.2.1 句型转换1. “These flowers are from Guangdong.” He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2
13、. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know.I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.例1.2.2 Can you tell me _ to London? Sure. Next month. A when you will travel B when will you travel C when you travelled D when did you travel 例1.2.3 What did the teacher say to you just now?She asked _.A where
14、did I learn JapaneseB where I learned JapaneseC where do I learn JapaneseD where I learn Japanese随堂练习随练1.1 选择恰当关系词填空1. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if）2. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）3. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if) 4. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what)5. I dont know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)6. Do you know _ you are studying for? (why, what)7. I really dont know _ he bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）随练1.2 Could you say it a
