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1、动词不定式动词不定式知识精讲非谓语动词指的是在句中不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征（如有自己的宾语或状语等）的动词形式。非谓语包括动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但要遵循基本的时态语态规则，在句中充当各种成分。一、动词不定式基本构成形式结构例句肯定形式to+动词原形The teacher asked his students to finish their homework on time.老师让学生们按时完成作业。否定形式not to+动词原形Aunt Li often tells her son not to eat too much sugar.
2、李阿姨经告诫她的儿子不要吃太多的糖。被动形式to+be+过去分词He would like to be treated as a child.他喜欢被当成孩子般看待。注意：动词不定式在一些感官动词（see, watch, hear等）或使役动词（make, let, have等）的后面，做宾补时，通常会省略to，如：The boss made me work ten hours a day.=I was made to work ten hours a day by the boss.这个老板让我一天工作十个小时。二、动词不定式的语法功能动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状
3、语（即除谓语之外的各种成分）。1. 不定式作主语1). 动词不定式短语作句子主语时，视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，如：To make work more efficient is our goal.让工作更有效率是我们的目标。2). 不定式短语作主语时，为了考虑句子的平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的不定式主语放在句子后面，结构为：It+is/ was+adj. (+for sb.)+动词不定式，如上一句话也可写成：Its our goal to make work efficient.我们的目标是让工作更有效率。Its very important for us to learn En
4、glish well.学好英语对于我们来说很重要。2. 动词不定式作宾语1). 动词不定式跟在及物动词后作宾语，这种形式非常常见，就是我们平时积累的一些动词后面跟to do形式，如：I have decided to study hard.我已经决定要刻苦学习。常见的这类动词有：begin, choose, continue, decide, expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, pretend, promise, refuse, try, want, wi
5、sh, determine, afford, agree, start, like等。2). 在find，think后跟不定式时，常用it代替，而将真正宾语，即不定式放在后面，如：I find it not easy to achieve ones goal.我发现实现一个人的目标并不容易。3). 有些不定式结构中的to会省略，直接跟动词原形，这样的结构有：Why not do, Why dont you do, had better (not) do, would rather do等，如：I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里。3. 不定式作宾语补足语1).
6、 不定式宾补很常见，结构为：动词+sb. to do sth, 这样的动词有：tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage等，如：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.老师建议我们先休息一下。2). see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to，但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to，如： My mom made me clean the house.=I was made to clean the house
7、 by my mom.我妈妈让我把房间打扫干净。注意：help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to，即help sb.(to)do sth.，如：He often helps his parents (to) do their housework.他经常帮助他父母做家务。4. 不定式作定语不定式有时起形容词作用，修饰名词，代词，在句中作定语。不定式作定语位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday?昨天谁第一个登上了山顶？He is the man to depend o
8、n/to believe in.他是一个值得信赖/相信的人。5. 不定式作状语不定式放在不及物动词后可表目的或原因状语，也可以放在一些形容词后。1). 目的状语：She reads China Daily every day to improve her English.她每天都读中国日报，来提高自己的英语能力。2). 原因状语：Im glad to see you.很高兴见到你。注：这种“be形容词不定式”结构，其不定式有时也可视为宾语，如：He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here.3). 结果状语：They lived
9、to see the liberation of their hometown.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。(1). 在“tooto”结构中表“太结果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work. 他太过虚弱，以至于不能工作。注：too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意，如：She was too happy t
10、o meet her old friend in the street.(2). 在“形容词/副词enough不定式”结构中表“足以能”，如：He is strong enough to do the work .他足以胜任此项工作。6. 疑问词不定式不定式可以和疑问代词who，what，which及疑问副词when，how，where连用，构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to finish the work in time is a problem.（主语）如何按时完成任务是个问题。We dont know when and where to go.（宾语）我们不知道
11、何时出发，也不知道要去哪。三点剖析一、重点：不定式的形式变化，不定式的语法功能。二、难点：不定式在句子中充当不同成分时的规则和例外。中考阶段主要考查不定式的使用，还要求考生掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾补以及疑问连用结构，理解动词不定式作主语、定语和表语的基本用法。考试中多以动词之后跟to do还是doing的形式出现，所以理解的同时，积累一些固定搭配也是本节知识学习必不可少的。三、易错点：1. 形式主语的使用在It+is/ was+adj. for sb. to do的结构中，若形容词为表示人的内在品质，则介词不用for而用of，如：Its very clever of you to do lik
12、e that.你那么做真是太聪明了。（正确）Its very kind for you to help me.你能帮我真是太好了。（错误）2. 使役动词省略to的不定式的被动形式一些使役动词的不定式中to可省略，被动需还原，如：I was made to finish my homework on time by my teacher.（正确）I was made finish my homework on time by my teacher.（错误）老师让我按时完成作业。题模精选题模一：动词不定式基本应用例1.1.1 In order _ for the meeting, my siste
13、r forced herself to get up early this morning.A not to be lateB not being lateC to be lateD being late例1.1.2 用动词适当形式填空。The teacher raised his voice so that he could make students _ him clearly. (hear)例1.1.3 I didnt see you last week.I had a bad cold. The doctor asked me at home for a week.A stayB st
14、ayingC stayedD to stay题模二：动词不定式语法功能例1.2.1 To climb the tall trees _ very dangerous.A areB isC wereD was例1.2.2 He wants _ some vegetables.A buyB buyingC to buyD buys例1.2.3 So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A to feelB feelsC feelingD feel例1.2.4 -Do you know Neil Armstrong?-Yes. He is the first man _ on the moon.A walkB walksC to walkD walked例1.2.5 Why not _ your teacher for help when you cant finish _ it by yourself?A ask; writeB to ask; writingC ask; writingD asking; write例1.2.6 用动词适当形式填空。我想知道要去哪？I want to know _ _ _. (go)随堂练习随练1.1
