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1、ted演讲为什么节食减肥没有效果(英语)Three and a half years ago, I made one of the best decisions of my life. As my New Years resolution, I gave up dieting, stopped worrying about my weight, and learned to eat mindfully. Now I eat whenever Im hungry, and Ive lost 10 poun党史.This was me at age 13, when I started my fi
2、rst diet. I look at that picture now, and I think, you did not need a diet, you needed a fashion consult. (Laughter) But I thought I needed to lose weight, and when I gained it back, of course I blamed myself. And for the next three decades, I was on and off various diets. No matter what I tried, th
3、e weight Id lost always came back. Im sure many of you know the feeling.As a neuroscientist, I wondered, why is this so hard Obviously, how much you weigh depen党史 on how much you eat and how much energy you burn. What most people dont realize is that hunger and energy use are controlled by the brain
4、, mostly without your awareness. Your brain does a lot of its work behind the scenes, and that is a good thing, because your conscious mind - how do we put this politely - its easily distracted. Its good that you dont have to remember to breathe when you get caught up in a movie. You dont forget how
5、 to walk because youre thinking about what to have for dinner.Your brain also has its own sense of what you should weigh, no matter what you consciously believe. This is called your set point, but thats a misleading term, because its actually a range of about 10 or 15 poun党史. You can use lifestyle c
6、hoices to move your weight up and down within that range, but its much, much harder to stay outside of it. The hypothalamus, the part of the brain that regulates body weight, there are more than a dozen chemical signals in the brain that tell your body to gain weight, more than another dozen that te
7、ll your body to lose it, and the system works like a thermostat, responding to signals from the body by adjusting hunger, activity and metabolism, to keep your weight stable as conditions change. Thats what a thermostat does, right It keeps the temperature in your house the same as the weather chang
8、es outside. Now you can try to change the temperature in your house by opening a window in the winter, but thats not going to change the setting on the thermostat, which will respond by kicking on the furnace to warm the place back up.Your brain works exactly the same way, responding to weight loss
9、by using powerful tools to push your body back to what it considers normal. If you lose a lot of weight, your brain reacts as if you were starving, and whether you started out fat or thin, your brains response is exactly the same. We would love to think that your brain could tell whether you need to
10、 lose weight or not, but it cant. If you do lose a lot of weight, you become hungry, and your muscles burn less energy. Dr. Rudy Leibel of Columbia University has found that people who have lost 10 percent of their body weight burn 250 to 400 calories less because their metabolism is suppressed. Tha
11、ts a lot of food. This means that a successful dieter must eat this much less forever than someone of the same weight who has always been thin.From an evolutionary perspective, your bodys resistance to weight loss makes sense. When food was scarce, our ancestors survival depended on conserving energ
12、y, and regaining the weight when food was available would have protected them against the next shortage. Over the course of human history, starvation has been a much bigger problem than overeating. This may explain a very sad fact: Set points can go up, but they rarely go down. Now, if your mother e
13、ver mentioned that life is not fair, this is the kind of thing she was talking about. (Laughter) Successful dieting doesnt lower your set point. Even after youve kept the weight off for as long as seven years, your brain keeps trying to make you gain it back. If that weight loss had been due to a lo
14、ng famine, that would be a sensible response. In our modern world of drive-thru burgers, its not working out so well for many of us. That difference between our ancestral past and our abundant present is the reason that Dr. Yoni Freedhoff of the University of Ottawa would like to take some of his pa
15、tients back to a time when food was less available, and its also the reason that changing the food environment is really going to be the most effective solution to obesity.Sadly, a temporary weight gain can become permanent. If you stay at a high weight for too long, probably a matter of years for m
16、ost of us, your brain may decide that thats the new normal.Psychologists classify eaters into two groups, those who rely on their hunger and those who try to control their eating through willpower, like most dieters. Lets call them intuitive eaters and controlled eaters. The interesting thing is that intuitive eaters are less likely to be overweight, and they spend less time thinking about food. Controlled eaters are more vulnerable to overeati
