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1、.35 / 35.硕 士 学 位 论 文食品安全举报制度研究On Food Safety Reporting System.作 者 姓 名：霍 艳 丽.指 导 教 师：陆 伟 明副教授.西南 政法 大 学.Southwest University of Political Science and Law.内容摘要食品安全问题已经成为社会公众普遍关心的话题,频频爆发的食品安全事件不仅使公众的健康安全受到严重威胁,同时也考验政府应对食品安全事件的能力。举报制度不但能够增加为违反食品安全法规的违法犯罪分子的违法成本,同时能够吸引公众积极参与食品安全制度的构建,减少政府的管理成本。虽然食品安全举报制度
2、能够对食品安全发挥重大的作用,但是我国现有的举报制度对举报人合法权益的保障存在很多的不足之处。首先,食品安全法规在程序方面问题包括如下几个方面：第一,受理食品安全举报主体复杂、立案标准不清晰,可以采取统一举报受理机制,明确立案的标准并尽量缩短回复相对人期限等措施。第二,举报受理期限,各个地方的规定不同,且存在法律适用问题,可以统一规定举报受理的期限或者举报受理条件。第三,在进行行政调查的过程中,应保护举报人的安全,举报人的协助义务仅仅是一种参与负担。第四,在案件调查结束、审结举报件之后及时回复举报人,举报回复的性质属于具体行政行为。其次,对于举报人合法权益保护方面主要的问题包括四方面的内容,第
3、一,保障举报人的隐私权,包括监管机关应当履行保密义务以及正确对待公民匿名举报两方面。若行政主体违反保密义务的,举报人可以提起国家赔偿。在诉讼中,法官应当审查相关的保密规定是否合法,并由行政主体承担其履行了保密规定的证明责任。食品安全监管机关的保密义务与政府信息公开之间存在密切的联系,公民可以申请政府公开相关的举报案件的处理情况,但是需要证明自己与所要求公开的信息之间有联系,政府公开相关信息时应采取相关的措施为举报人保密,但不能一概以涉及个人隐私为由不予公开。第二,对举报人职业保护权,食品安全违法行为人的内部员工举报雇主的违法行为时,除适用普通举报人的保护措施外,还需要劳动法等相关法律的全面保护
4、。在诉讼中,针对用人单位的打击报复,应采用促成因素的证明标准。第三,应保护举报人的受奖励权,多个主体以及特殊主体进行举报时合理分配举报奖金,监管机关发放举报奖金的行为属于行政诉讼的范畴。最后,对食品安全举报人的保护还体现举报人的人身安全保护、预防性保护措施及与举报人有密切关系人的保护三面。1.食品安全的治理是一项复杂的系统工程,单纯依据政府的监管或依赖相对人的举报都难将以达到全面解决食品安全问题的目的,需要从多个维度治理我国的食品安全问题。关键词：举报；受理主体；受理程序；举报人保护2.AbstractFood safety has become a important subject to
5、the public, the frequently outbreaks offood safety incidents not only threaten the health and safety of the public, but also test thegovernments response to the food safety incidents. Report system can not only increase thecost for the criminals violating food safety regulations, also can attract th
6、e public to activelyparticipate in the construction of food safety system, reduce the management cost of thegovernment.Although the food safety report system play a significant role in food security, there aremany defects in our countrys existing report system.First of all, the problem of food safet
7、y laws and regulations in the aspect of applicationincludes the following several aspects: Firstly, to the problems of the complicated subjectswho accept food safety report and the unclear filing standards, the government can let anorganization to accept reports, can explicitly register standards an
8、d shorten the recoveryperiod. Secondly, different parts have different rules about the accept period as well as thelegal application problems, so we can unify regulation report to accept the deadline or toreport the condition is accepted. Third, in the process of administrative investigation, thegov
9、ernment should protect the reporters safety, and reporters helping obligation is only aburden of engagement. Fourth, the government must reply reporter timely after theinvestigation or a report case, reporter reply belongs to the specific administrative act.Second, the main problem to protect report
10、ers legitimate rights and interests includingfour aspects: first, the security persons privacy, the government shall fulfill their obligation toconfidentiality and correctly treat citizens report anonymously. If the government violate thisobligation, the reporter can bring a national compensation ca
11、se。During the case process, thejudge shall examine the legality of secrecy provisions, the burden of proof for theperformance of the confidentiality provisions lay on the government. There is a close relationbetween the government information opening and the obligations to keep reportersinformation
12、secret, relative person can apply the government to open the result of some reportcases, but need to demonstrate a link between himself and the requirements of the publicinformation. When government disclosure the information, it should take relevant measures tokeep secret for the reporter and canno
13、t refuse the relatives by the reason of personal privacy.Second of all, the whistleblower occupational protection, when an employee report illegal acts1.of his employer, besides the protection measures above to protect the legal rights of thereporters, it also need fully protect by the labor law and
14、 other related laws. In the proceedings,to the employers revenge, the court should observe contributor standards of burden ofproof. Third, we should protect whistleblowers reward of a multiple subject and specialsubject report reasonable allocation of bonus, the behavior of the supervisory authority
15、 toissue bonus belongs to the category of the administrative litigation. We can also takemeasures to protect the reporters safety, take preventive protection measures and protectreporters close relation.The management of food safety is a complex systems engineering, and based on thegovernments regulatory or depend on the relative persons report is difficult to achieve acomprehensive solution to the problem of food safety, we need multiple dimensions ofgovernance to solve food safety problems in our country.Key words: report; accept subject; acceptance procedure; whist
