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1、Production of High Quality Boar Semen 高品质的公猪精液的生产Donald G. Levis, PhDExtension EducatorUniversity of Nebraska LincolnAgricultural Research & Development Center March 20, 2005March 20, 20051 1Subject matter to be discussed讨论的主要问题 Management of boars 公猪管理 Procedures for collecting, processing and stor
2、ing semen 精液的采集、处理和贮存程序 Design and management of a commercial off-site boar stud 场外商品公猪站的设计和管理March 20, 2005March 20, 20052 2Management of Boars公猪的管理 Topics to discuss 讨论的主题 Reasons for culling AI boars 淘汰人工授精站公猪的原因 Heat-stress effects 热应激作用 Photoperiod effects 光照周期的作用 Frequency of collection 采精频率 F
3、eeding program 饲养程序March 20, 2005March 20, 20053 3Reasons for culling AI boars淘汰人工授精站公猪的原因Reason 原因%Age 年龄28Semen quality 精液品质28Soundness 健壮10Libido 性欲10Temperament 性情3Ulcers 溃汤3Other 其它18March 20, 2005March 20, 20054 4Rectal temperature:直肠温度38.24 C (Boar 1)37.75 C (Boar 2)Testis is 2 to 3 C cooler睾
4、丸的温度要低2-3摄氏度附睾的根部阴囊附睾的首部腹部后腿Prevent heat-stress on testis 防止睾丸的热应激反应March 20, 2005March 20, 20055 5Vascular supply to testis helps cool testis 睾丸供血系统有助降低睾丸温度Pampiniform plexus蔓状静脉丛 -heat exchange between artery and vein动脉与静脉之间热交换Veins静脉Artery动脉Testicular artery睾丸动脉March 20, 2005March 20, 20056 6Temp
5、erature of testis, epididymis, scrotum and body at an ambient temperature of 23 C or 34 C环境温度23-34时,睾丸、附睾、阴囊及身体的温度If scrotum is not cooled, the temperature of the testis will continue to rise when ambient temperature rises!当环境温度升高,如果阴囊不能降温,睾丸温度将不断升高Temperature of scrotum increased 4.0 C 阴囊温度增加4Tempe
6、rature of testis increased 0.7 C 睾丸温度增加0.7 Temperature of epididymis increased 0.8 C 附睾温度增加0.8 March 20, 2005March 20, 20057 7Total time to produce sperm cell: 45 to 50 days产生精子细胞的总时间：45-50天35 days in testis在睾丸中35天10 to 15 days in epididymis在附睾中10-15天附睾的首部附睾的根部附睾的体部输精管精小管March 20, 2005March 20, 2005
7、8 8Heat Stress and Sperm Abnormalities热应激和精子畸形Weeks after Heat Stress 热应激后的周数 Abnormal Sperm, %Peaks at 6 weeks 6周达最大Still high at 8 weeks 8周仍较高畸形精子March 20, 2005March 20, 20059 9Heat Stress of boars and conception rate公猪热应激与受胎率Weeks after Heat Stress 热应激后的周数 Female conception, %5- to 6-week delay u
8、ntil worst 5-6周的延迟后达最坏Extended Recovery 延迟恢复母猪受胎率March 20, 2005March 20, 20051010Effect of season on sperm output季节对精子产量的影响冬季 夏季 种公猪舍精子/射出 十亿March 20, 2005March 20, 20051111Effect of season on percentage of ejaculates discarded季节对不合格精液射精百分率的影响% motility or % normal sperm was less than 70%活率或%正常精子少于7
9、0%冬季 夏季 种公猪舍不合格精液射精比例 %March 20, 2005March 20, 20051212Some boars are heat-stressed at 27.9 C有些种公猪在27.9产生热应激 Cool scrotum with water and air movement用水和流动空气来冷却阴囊 Wet and dry cycle湿和干的循环 Start cooling process at 25.5 C在25.5 时开始冷却过程 Respiration rate is not a good indicator of heat-stress呼吸率不是热应激的好指示指标
10、March 20, 2005March 20, 20051313Effect of increasing air temperature (1 C/day) on respiration rate of 160 kg boars气温升高(1/天)对160kg公猪呼吸频率的影响*Different from pre-treatment, P .05每个处理之间显著不同*91.4 F (33 C)Respirations are significantly greater天气温(华氏)每分钟的呼吸次数气温呼吸频率呼吸明显加快1414Effect of increasing air temperat
11、ure on scrotal surface temperature of boars 气温对公猪阴囊表面温度的影响*Different from pre-treatment, P .05每个处理之间显著不同*86 F (30 C)Scrotal temperature is 3.5 C higher than wk 1阴囊温度比一周前高3.5气温(华氏)气温阴囊温度阴囊温度(华氏)天1515Caution注意 Keeping the floor too wet causes: 保持地板太湿将导致: Bacterial contamination of semen 细菌污染精液 Soft pa
12、ds on the feet of boars 过软的垫子对公猪蹄了的影响March 20, 2005March 20, 20051616Does the duration of photoperiod influence sperm production?光照时间影响精子的产量吗?March 20, 2005March 20, 20051717Influence of photoperiod and temperature on sperm production光照时间和温度对精子产量的影响* P .05*每次射精的精子数(十亿)光照时间(小时)March 20, 2005March 20,
13、 20051818Frequency of ejaculation射精频率 Balance between semen volume and sperm cell concentration 精液的体积和精子的密度之间平衡 volume of seminal fluids important for extension 精清的体积对稀释是非常重要的 number of viable sperm important for fertility 活精子的数量对受精是非常重要的March 20, 2005March 20, 20051919Frequency of ejaculation射精频率 T
14、wo collections per week is near optimum for boar studs 对公猪站公猪,每周2次采精较理想 Monday and Thursday 周一和周四 Tuesday and Friday 周二和周五 Some studs only collect one time per week 一些公猪站每周只进行一次采精March 20, 2005March 20, 20052020The effect of interval between collection on sperm output 采精间隔对精子产量的影响Interval Between Co
15、llection, Days 2次采精间的间隔(天) Sperm Cells/collection (billion)每一次采精的精子总数(十亿)March 20, 2005March 20, 20052121Keep boars on a regular collection schedule!保证公猪有规律的采精日程! 40 boars collected 1x/wk for 3 months 40头公猪每周采精1次保持3个月 After the 3 months 3个月后 One-half continued on 1 time per week 一半继续保持每周采精1次 One-hal
16、f collected randomly 另一半随机采精 No more than 3 times per week 每周不超过3次 Not less than 1 time in 3 weeks 在3周内不少于1次March 20, 2005March 20, 20052222Results 结果 1 time per week collection schedule 每次1次的采精程序组 18 of 20 boars: Semen quantity remained constant 20头公猪中有18头精液品质保持稳定 Random collection schedule 随机采精的程序组 8 of 20 boars: Semen quantity remained constant 20头公猪中8头精液品质保持稳定 3 of 20 boars: Semen quantity improved 20头公猪中3头精液品质有提高 9 or 20 boars: Semen quantity decreased 20头公猪中9头精液品质有下降March 20, 2005March 20,
