Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors1. alternative n．可能的选择adj.供选择的，其他的Can you think of the alternatives we would use today？(教材P37)你能想出今天我们使用的替代品吗？I offered the alternative suggestions of spending the vacation in the mountains or by the sea.我提议这次要么到山区要么到海边度假have the alternative of doing sth. 有做……的选择；可以做……have no alternative/choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做……alternative/choice/selectionalternative一般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择choice泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择selection含有从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选择的意思④(2013·天水高二质检)In this school，the students have three ________ courses and seven ________ courses.A．required；alternative B．requiring；alternative C．require；alternate D．require；alternative2．starvation n．挨饿；饿死Did they suffer from cold，starvation or disease？(教材P37)他们遭受寒冷，饥饿或疾病吗？There are many people suffering from starvation in the world at present.现在，世界上仍然有许多人在挨饿。
starve vt.& vi.(使)饿死；渴望 starve...to death 使……饿死starve to death 饿死 starve for sth.渴求/需要什么starve to do sth.想要干某事 starve sb.into sth./into doing sth. 断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事3. It_is_a_great_pleasure_to_meet you students from England，who are interested in archaeology.(教材P38)很高兴见到你们这些来自英国的且对考古学感兴趣的学生这是一个复合句who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students；主句部分It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England，是一个以it作形式主语的句子，真正的主语是to meet you students from EnglandIt is very important for us to learn English well.对我们来说学好英语非常重要。
it作形式主语的句型有：It＋be＋n./adj.＋v.ing结构 It＋be＋n./adj.＋(for sb.)to do sth.It＋be＋n./adj.＋of sb.to do sth. It＋be＋n./adj.＋that..【提示】 在此句型中表示赞扬或批评的形容词是wise，clever，stupid，foolish，kind，nice，good，rude，cruel等时，介词of不能换成for此句型也可以转换成sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.She was foolish to waste money on such clothes. 她很愚蠢花钱买这种衣服4．interrupt v．打断；中断；插嘴I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here？(教材P38)对不起，打断了你(的讲话)，请问他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？Don't interrupt the speaker；ask questions afterwards. 不要打断演说者，等他讲完后再问问题①interruption n．中断；阻断物 without interruption 不间断地②interruptive adj.阻碍的；打扰的I managed to work for two hours without interruption.我总算连续工作了两个小时。
interrupt/disturbinterrupt突然中断、打断他人言语或行为，使其不能继续disturb较正式用词，多用被动语态指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序 You'd better not interrupt him.He is sleeping. 你最好别打扰他他在睡觉5．So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless_of the cold.(教材P38)因此我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里1)assume v．假定；假想；以为；假装；装作；担任；承担I had assumed him to be a Belgian.我本以为他是比利时人Don't always assume the worst.别总往最坏处想①assume sb./sth.to be...假定/假设某人/某事为…… It is assumed that...……被认为……②assumption n．假定；设想 make an assumption认为，假定 on the assumption that...假定……③assuming that假设/假定 It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为压力来自于过多的工作。
assume/guess/imagineassume假设；设想；认为指很少或完全无根据的心理推测，并非合乎逻辑的推理，或指为论证而提出有一定根据的假设guess猜测；猜想最常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测imagine想象指毫无根据随意想象，可在脑海中构成明确的、清晰的图像 I'm sorry I couldn't guess who you were on the telephone.对不起，我在里听不出你是谁用assume/guess/imagine的适当形式填空(2)regardless of不管；不顾They rebuilt the house regardless of cost.他们不惜成本重建了那所房子He went to the rescue of a drowning child regardless of his personal safety他把个人安危置之度外去救一个溺水儿童regardless of/despite/in spite of这三个短语都可以表示“不管，不顾”，但是用法不同regardless of不管；不顾；不理会一般用语despite虽然；尽管；不顾。
语气较弱，多用于诗歌或正式的文体中in spite of虽然，尽管；不顾多用于书面语，语气较重提示】 regardless，despite，in spite of后不能直接跟从句，但可以接the fact that...6．We've discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where_they_made_fires.(教材P38)我们发现在洞穴的中央有生火用的火炉1)这是一个复合句we've discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves是主句部分，where引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词the caves，并在定语从句中作状语2)where引导定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词一般是表示地点的名词，相当于介词＋whichIs there a shop around where(in which) we can get fruit？附近有我们能买到水果的商店吗？【提示】 where在从句中只能充当状语，如果不是作状语，就要换用that或whichThis is the factory where his father worked last year. 这是去年他父亲工作的那家工厂。
This is the factory (which/that) we visited yesterday. 这是我们昨天参观的那家工厂2013·北京高考)Many countries are now setting up national parks________animals and plants can be protected.A．when B．which C．whose D．where7．It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut_up animals and remove their skin.(教材P38)看样子他们可能是用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥皮1)sharpen vi.& vt.使尖锐；使急剧；变尖锐，变急剧The walk has sharpened my appetite.散步增加了我的食欲sharp adj.锋利的；急剧的；敏锐的；尖刻的 sharpener n．磨具；削具sharpen sth. up使达到标准；使符合质量要求 Be careful with that knife—it's very sharp. 当心那把刀子——它很锋利。
He decided to come here at two o'clock sharp. 他决定两点整来这儿en是后缀，en是前缀有些名词、形容词前或后加上该词辍后可构成动词，表示“变为”、“使有”、“变得”、“变得有”，如：hearten，strengthen，darken，harden，weaken，ripen，soften，enrich，enlarge等一些物质名词之后加上该词缀后可构成形容词，表示“由……制作的”，如：wooden，woolen，golden (2)cut up切碎；剪碎；用刀等把某物切成小块；摧毁，粉碎；使伤心；使悲痛He has to have his food cut up for him. 他得让人替他把食物切碎cut across 抄近路；径直穿过 cut away切掉；剪掉 cut down 砍倒；杀死；消减，缩短cut in 插嘴；突然插入 cut into halves/pieces切成两半/碎块cut out切掉；删掉 cut through 将……凿穿；抄近道 cut off 切掉；砍掉；从……上截下 I wish Jane would sto。