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美国西进运动PPT课件

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Westward Expansion 美国西部领土的扩张Westward movement美国人对西部的开发壮志千秋1931愤怒的葡萄 1940赤胆屠龙1959 关山飞渡1939正 午 1952 西部开拓史1962nWestward Expansion is a movement of people from the settled regions of the United States to lands farther west. Since the late 18th centuries to the late 19th centuries, Anglo-American people and their society expanded from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast. This westward expansion crossed what was often called the American frontier.远西部(further west)落基山以西到太平洋沿岸的地区美国西部的概念老西部(old west)大西洋滨海平原的西边是瀑布线(Fall line),河流和瀑布湍急。

在殖民 地时期,这里是英属殖民地的西部边疆,也称为老西部中西部(mid west)即中央低地,平原广袤,东接阿巴拉契亚山脉,西到落基山Stage 2Stage 3Stage 1It took Americans a century and a half to expand as far west as the Appalachian Mountains, a few hundred miles from the Atlantic coast.vIt took another 50 years to push the frontier to the Mississippi River. By 1863, fewer than 100,000 pioneers had crossed the Mississippi.By 1850, pioneers had pushed the edge of settlement all the way to Texas, the Rocky Mountain and the Pacific Ocean. Thousands of families chalked GTT (Gone to Texas) on their gates or on their wagons, and joined the trek westward. Manifest Destiny 天定命运论The belief that it was US destiny to expand towards the Pacific & perhaps further & to spread its version of democracy & freedom. (天定命运论:19世纪鼓吹美国对外侵略扩张为天命所定的一种理论) Manifest Destiny 天定命运论阴谋吞并德克萨斯1836年3月2日,德克萨斯人举行全体代表大会,宣布脱离墨西哥,成立“孤星共和国”(得克萨斯共和国)In 1845 it joined the United States as the 28th state, which led to the War between Mexico and America in 1846. 其领土范围涵盖现今美国得克萨斯州以及部份的新墨西哥州、科罗拉多州、怀俄明州、奥克拉荷马州、堪萨斯州。

美墨战争 (1846 to 1848) 美墨战争的爆发原因是墨西哥与孤星共和国之间未解决的边境问题以及美国的扩张主义 1836年新建立的得克萨斯共和国(孤星共和国)与墨西哥之间的边境有争议墨西哥不承认得克萨斯的独立,宣布要将得克萨斯重新并入其领土,并警告假如美国介入的话两国之间将爆发战争 1845年美国宣布将得克萨斯并入美国,成为美国的第28个州美墨战争是美国与墨西哥之间于1846年至1848年爆发的一场战争1846年4月24日战争正式爆发5月13日美国国会通过了向墨西哥的宣战5月23日墨西哥向美国宣战 战争结果:墨西哥于1847年向美国投降,开始和平谈判双方于1848年2月2日在墨西哥首都墨西哥城附近的小镇瓜达卢佩-伊达尔戈签订了和平条约根据条约,美国获得了加利福尼亚(下加利福尼亚半岛仍属墨西哥)、内华达、犹他的全部地区,科罗拉多、亚利桑那、新墨西哥和怀俄明部分地区美国通过这场规模不算很大的战争夺取了230万平方公里的土地,一跃成为地跨大西洋和太平洋的大国,世所罕见墨西哥丧失了大半国土,元气大伤美国从此获得在美洲的主宰地位The MexicanAmerican War西进运动作为一次大规模的向西移民和垦过程,在美国历史上具有十分重要的影响. 促进美国经济的迅速发展,另一方面,它也是掠夺印第安人土地的过程。

西进过程中,白人对印第安人采取欺骗和屠 杀相结合的政策,一步步地将印第安人赶到为其划定的狭小的保留地内,这是一个历史悲剧,也是美国历史上洗 涮不去的污点The Trail of Tears The Gold Rush was one of the most significant events in California history. It brought people from all over the United States and the world in search for gold. The Gold Rush淘金热单击此处编辑母版标题样式单击此处编辑母版副标题样式The Gold Rush淘金热(GOLD RUSH,英语里意为对金子的向往)淘金热是美国西进运动的产物,也是其中极为重要的一个环节对美国18-19世纪的经济开发,农业扩张,交通革命,工商业发展具有重要的意义It began on January 24, 1848, when gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutters Mill, in Coloma, California, a foreman working for Sacramento pioneer John Sutter,John Sutter, found shiny metal in the tailrace of a lumber mill Marshall was building for Sutter on the American River. On August 19, 1848, the New York Herald was the first major newspaper on the East Coast to report the discovery of gold. News of the discovery soon spread, resulting in some 300,000 men, women, and children coming to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. On December 5, 1848, President James Polk confirmed the discovery of gold in an address to Congress. Waves of immigrants from around the world, later called the forty-niners, invaded the Gold Country of California .Gold-seekers and merchants from Asia, primarily from China, began arriving in 1849.It is estimated that approximately 90,000 people arrived in California in 1849. Miners, Mines and Equipment Boats and Trains Gold rush淘金热盛况金矿被发现后,美国沸腾,世界震撼。

近在咫尺的圣弗朗西斯科首先感受到了淘金热的冲击,几乎所有的企业停止了营业,海员把船只抛弃在了圣弗朗西斯科湾,士兵离开了营房,仆人离开了主人,涌向金矿发源地,农民典押田宅,拓荒者卡垦荒地,工人扔下工具,公务员离开写字台,甚至连传教士也离开了布道所这股热潮一直席卷到圣弗朗西斯科北部的俄勒冈及南部的墨西哥成千上万的淘金者使加利福尼亚人口猛增并且许多新近出现的城镇很快成为国际性的城市 The new soon started to spread and were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper . The most famous quote of the California Gold Rush was by the merchant Samuel Brannan. After he had hurriedly set up a store to sell gold prospecting supplies, Brannan strode through the streets of San Francisco, holding aloft a vial of gold, shouting Gold! Gold! Gold from the American River! Then ,the gold rush began.影响:自1854年起,加利福尼亚的淘金热成下降趋势,黄金产值下降,但整个采金业取向深度和广度发展。

其影响在于:1)人口的急剧增长,社会财富剧增 2)带动了加利福尼亚地区工业及相关产业的发展 3)大量移民的涌入,加快了农业、牧业的发展 4)采矿业带动西部交通运输业的发展第二次采金热是50年代在科罗拉多发现金矿至70年代在内华达发现金矿这时采集矿种增多,并因此使美国作为最大的产金国的地位一直保持到1898年同时,由于技术的发展使得商人、工业、企业家纷纷形成采矿公司,并逐步控制了采矿区 美国历历史与文化 20071、西进进运动动和西部开发发的成功奠 定了美国19世纪纪末经济腾飞经济腾飞 的 物质质基础础一)“积积极”影响西进运动对美国社会的影响3、西进进运动动塑造了美利坚坚民族“务务 实实”、“求新”与“进进取”精神 等鲜鲜明的民族性格和价值观值观 开拓精神 、个人主义义和实实用主义义4、西部开发发丰富和推进进了美国式的 民主制度2、西进进运动对动对 美国政治思想的影响 “天定命运” Manifest DestinySome American values developed from American Westward Expansion experience Many people are still fascinated by the frontier because it has been particularly important in shaping American values.cowboy imageAmerican values developed from American Westward Expansion 1. Self-reliance 自力更生 2.The rugged individualism个人主义 3. Inventiveness and the can-do spirit 创造力和敢作敢为的。

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