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1、英语作文写作技巧：英语说明文的写作方法就“说明对象”来说，英语说明文可分为对“客观具体事物”的说明和对“主观抽象观点”的说明两大类，比如：对“ LASER（激光）”、“ Computer Problem of Year 2000 （计算机 2000 年问题）”等等的说明都是对客观或者具体事物的说明，而“ The SuccessfulInterview （谈成功的面试）”、“ How to Write Good EnglishComposition （如何才能写好英语作文）” 等是对主观抽象观点的说明。对我们中学生朋友来说，在汉语说明文的教学中似乎比较侧重前者，即解释客观具体事物的说明文。但在英
2、语说明文中，阐述和说明“主观抽象观点”的说明文占了很大的比重，其中有些类似汉语中的议论文。但是无论是对“客观具体事物”的说明还是对“主观抽象观点”的阐述，英语说明文从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：第一部分一般是文章的第一段，提出文章的主题，也就是说，文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题实行展开说明；第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题作归纳总结。从英语说明文的结构能够看出，要写好英语说明文的关键在于第二部分如何对文章主题实行展开说明。在英语中，常见的用来展开文章主题的方法有下列几种：1.罗列法（ listing ）在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然
3、后常用 first ，second， and finally 加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中，下面这篇学生作文就是用罗列法写成的：Early RisingEarly rising （早起） is helpful in more than one way.First ， it helps to keep us fit （健康）。 We all need freshair. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning.Besides ， we can do good to our health from doing m
4、orningexercise （做早操）。Secondly ， early rising helps us in our studies. We learnmore quickly in the morning ， and find it easier to rememberwhat we learn in the morning.Thirdly ， early rising enables （使能够） us to plan thework of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan.Just as the plan for the
5、year should be made in the spring ，so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.Fourthly ， early rising gives us enough time to get readyfor our work ， such as to wash our faces and hands and eatour breakfast properly.Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habitof early rising.
6、They ought to make special efforts to do so.As the English proverb says ，“Early to bed and early to rise ，makes a man healthy ， wealthy and wise. ”罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们能够注意模仿学习：There are several good reasons why we should learn aforeign language. First of all ， Secondly ， Andfinally ， We should try our
7、best to plant more trees for severalgood reasons First of all ， Secondly ， And finally ，必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的 first ， second等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。2.举例法（ examples）举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用 forexample， for instance ， still another example is 等词语引出。下面这篇学生作文就是用举例法写成的：RecreationIt is impossible to keep in good
8、health unless we takeenough recreation （娱乐）。 The mind ， too ， needs change tomake it fresh and vigorous （有活力的） There is much truthin the old saying ， All work and no play makes Jack a dullboy. “There are many games which boys and girls can play aftertheir school work is done ， for instance ， footbal
9、l ， tennis ，and kite-flying. Other examples of recreation are boating ，fishing ， gardening ， cycling ， walking ， chess-playing ， andreading. Persons who sit much at their business should take akind of recreation that will supply their muscles （肌肉）with exercise. Those who spend most of their time in
10、the openair and do manual work （体力活） should adopt （采纳）reading or some other quiet form of recreation.Cycling is said to be an important means of recreation ，but many persons foolishly tire out themselves by cycling toomuch. The same may be said in regard to football. Tennis is apleasant form of recr
11、eation. Many persons take great delightin boating. Fishing requires much patience ， and there ismuch danger of taking cold by sitting still on a cold day toolong. A good brisk （轻松） walk is one of the finest formsof exercise. For persons engaged in outdoor labor ， chess-playing is another excellent f
12、orm of recreation.能够看出，举例法和罗列法有时能够结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。3. 比较法（comparison and contrast ）比较法是对两个对象实行比较，从而实行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（ comparison）和比较不同点（ contrast ）两种方法，比如：From Paragraph to EssayAlthough they are different in length （长度）， theparagraph and the essay are quite similar in structure （结构）
13、。 For example ， the paragraph starts with either a topicsentence （主题句） or a topic introducer followed by a topicsentence. In the essay ， the first paragraph sets up thetopic focus （主题所在） Next ， the sentences in the body ofa paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly ， the bodyof an essay consis
14、ts of a number of paragraphs that discussand support the ideas given in the introductory （引导的）paragraph. Finally ， a concluding sentence （结束句） whether a restatement ， conclusion ， or observation endsthe paragraph. The essay ， too ， has a concluding paragraphwhich ends the essay logically and satisfa
15、ctorily. Althoughthere are some exceptions （例外）， most well writtenexpository （说明文的） paragraphs and essays are similar instructure.能够看出，在比较相同点的时候，常用到 similarly ，also ，too ，in the same case ，in spite of the difference 等这样的词语。European Football and American FootballAlthough European football is the parent of Americanfootball ， the two games show several major differences.European football ， sometimes called association football orsoccer ， is played in 80 countries ， making it the mostwidely played sport in the world. American football ， on theother hand ， is popu
