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1、专题1定语从句 专题1定语从句 本文关键词：从句，定语，专题 专题1定语从句 本文简介：语法复习一：定语从句一定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as2、关系副词：when,where,why关系代词和关系副词必需位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。e.g.Sheis 专题1定语从句 本文内容： 语法复习一：定语从句 一定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导 1、关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as 2、关系副词：when,where,why 关系代词
2、和关系副词必需位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用， 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。 e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.关系代词who在从句中作主语 The comrade with whom I came knows French.whom在从句中作介词with的宾语 3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1领先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2领先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4whose用作定语，可指人或物；5关系副词when指时间，在定语从句中
3、作时间状语，where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，why指缘由，在定语从句中作缘由状语。 二限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系亲密，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。 e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.去掉定语从句，意思就不完整 2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不亲密，去掉定从句，意思仍旧完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。 e.g. Toms father,who is over sixty,still works hard day and night.w
4、ho引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译 三运用定语从句时特殊留意的几个问题 1、that与which的区分。 1用that而不用 which的状况：先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；先行词有only,very,any等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时。 e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻挡他不干那件事。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hil
5、l. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他相识的唯一的外国人。 2用which而不用 that的状况：引导非限制性定语从句；代表整个主句的意思；介词 + 关系代词。 e.g. He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。 This is t
6、he room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。 3as引导定语从句时的用法 as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same as,such as构造中。 e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件跟我挚友一样的衬衫。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间运用的这种机器是中国制造的。 as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用以下句型：as is
7、 known to all,as is said,as is reported,as is announced,as we all know,as I expect 等。 e.g. As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。 3as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区分 当主句和从句语义相同时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。 e.g. He made a long speech,as we expected. He
8、 made a long speech,which was unexpected. 当非限制定语从句为否认时，常用which引导。 e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day,which his wife doesnt like at all. 2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词确定。 e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。 The students who are in Grade Three are going to cli
9、mb the hill tomorrow. 3. 定语从句有时不干脆紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。 e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand. 4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。 e.g. October 1,1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定局部不要拆开。 e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father. 6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which,that,whom,口语中也可用who，且可省略。 e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school. 练习、定语从句 一、把以下每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句： 1. The fan is on the
