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1、精品word 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - - - - - - -“情态动词 +have done ” 的用法“情态动词 have done ”表示对过去情形的估量或估量，是历年高考的热点；现就这一语言现象作如下归纳：1 should ought to have过去分词表示过去应当做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有批评或遗憾的语气，意为“本应当”；其否定形式为 “should not ought not to have 过去分词 ”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发 生了；Mr. White at 8:30 for the meeting , buthe didn t show u（p.04广西
2、卷）A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving解析 此题中的一个关键词but 示意了 “ Mr. White按道理理应到了，而他没有到”；故答案选A ；2 needn t have过去分词表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事；As you worked late yesterday, you have come this morning. 06陕西卷 A. mayn t B. can t C. mustn t D. needn t解析 He neednt h
3、ave come，表示 “他本没有必要来（实际却来了）”，依据句意，答案应选D ；留意 He didnt need to come yesterday，意为 “他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”；3 must have 过去分词用于确定句，表示“过去肯定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的估量；留意 对过去发生情形的否定估量常用cantcouldn t have过去分词； I have lost one of my gloves. I it somewhere .（ 05北京春季）A. must drop B. must have droppedC. must be dropping D. must
4、have been dropped解析 此题应选B；此题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句就表示一个缘由；I have been more than six years old when the accident happened.（ 05天津卷）A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt解析 从题意上分析，此题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句就是由前一句得出的结论；故此题选 b ；4 may might have 过去分词表示对过去情形的一种不太有把握的可能性估量，表示“过去可能大致已做了某事”；否定句表示 “过去可能仍没有做某事”；We have prove
5、d great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made inthe past ten years. 06天津卷 A. needn t B. may not C. shouldn t D. mustn t Key:b 5 can could have过去分词表示 “过去原来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不行能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能或许已做了某事吗？”；精选名师 优秀名师 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -精品word 名师归纳总结 -
6、 - - - - - - - - - - - I stayed at a hotel while in New York .- Oh, did you. Youwith BarbaraNMET 98A. could have stayedB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stayedKey: A巩固性练习：从A、 B、C 、D 中挑选正确答案； 1 - You didn t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you.-No, but we . He didn t return home aatll.A. could
7、n t have waited B. needn t haveC. didn t need to D. should wait2 Harry have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.A. could B. might C. should D. must3 - May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o clock tonight .”-“ I m sorry, Mr. Smith to a conference before then.”A. will
8、have gone B. had gone C. would have gone D. has gone4 - Tom took away our teacher s cell phone without being permitted.- Really. I can t imagine that he have done such athing.A. must B. may C. can D. should5 - Was it you that made the suggestion.- It have been. I can t remember.A. need B. must C. sh
9、ould D. may6 Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I umbrella with me .A. should have taken B. could have takenC. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken7 He paid for a seat, when he have entered free.A. could B. would C. must D. needthetroubletocarrymy8 I didn t see her in the meeting room this morni
10、ng. She at the meeting .A. mustn htave spoken B. mightn t have spokenC. can t have spoken D. shouldn t have spoken 9 - Hi, is that Peter Brown.-Sorry. You the wrong number .A. must dial B. must have dialed C. should dial D. should have dialed10 I was on the highway when this car went past followed b
11、y a police car . They at least 150 kilometers an hour .A. should have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have doneKeys for reference： 1-5 CAADD 6-10 CACBB高考 “情态动词 have done ” 考点解析“情态动词 ha ve done ”结构是高考重要考点，也是较难把握的语法项目之一，为了帮忙同学们更好地把握使用这一考点，下面结合近年高考试题谈谈其主要用法；考点之一：在虚拟条件句中，假如
12、表示与过去事实相反的情形，从句中用过去完成时，而精选名师 优秀名师 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -精品word 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - - - - - - -主句中就用 “情态动词现在完成时”，即： would/ could/ should/ might have done；例如：If they had finished the work on time, they would have been praised by the manager. If you had worked hard, you could
13、 have passed the examination.高考题分析：1. If it for the snow, we the mountain yesterday. MET91A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; couldC. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb2. - I stayedat a hotelwhilein NewYork.-Oh, did you.YouwithBarbara.NMET98A. could have stay B. c
14、ould stay C. would stay D. must have stay3. Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion, otherwise, she something she would regret later. 96上海 A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said答案简析：1. 依据信息词yesterday可以判定该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句中应当用“情态动词现在完成时”，故答案选C；2. 本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，意思是：If you hadn t stay at a hotel while in New York, you could have stayed with Barbara.表达了与过去事实相反的情形，答案选A ；3. 本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气，意思是：假如她参与了争论，她可能会说出一些后来令她懊悔的话；表达了与过去事实相反的情形，故答案选D；考点之二： must have done表示对过去已经发生
