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1、 2022年托福写作材料:成功人士每天工作必做的5件事Small tweaks to how quickly you fire off emails, take breaks, and ask questions can make all the difference in how happy, productive, and effective you are at work.BY TOM RATH FROM THE BOOK ARE YOU FULLY CHARGED?: THE 3 KEYS TO ENERGIZING YOUR WORK AND LIFEsuccessful peopl
2、e at work 80 percent positiveYURI_ARCURS/ISTOCK1. They are 80 percent positiveBeing blindly positive or perpetually negative can cause others to be frustrated or annoyed or to simply tune out.This is why some of the best research on daily experience is rooted in ratios of positive and negative inter
3、actions. Over the last two decades, scientists have made remarkable predictions simply by watching people interact with one another and then scoring the conversations based on the ratio of positive and negative interactions. Researchers have used the findings to predict everything from the likelihoo
4、d a couple will divorce to the odds of a work team having high customer satisfaction and productivity levels.More recent research helps explain why these brief exchanges matter so much. When you experience negative emotions as a result of criticism or rejection, for example, your body produces highe
5、r levels of the stress hormone cortisol, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates conflict and defense mechanisms. You perceive situations as being worse than they actually are. The release of cortisol is also a sustained response, so it lasts for a while, especially if you dwell on the
6、negative event.When you experience a positive interaction, it activates a very different response. Positive exchanges boost your bodys production of oxytocin, a feel-good hormone that increases your ability to communicate, collaborate, and trust others. When oxytocin activates networks in your prefr
7、ontal cortex, it leads to more expansive thought and action. However, oxytocin metabolizes faster than cortisol, so the effects of a positive surge are less dramatic and enduring than they are for a negative one.We need at least three to five positive interactions to outweigh every one negative exch
8、ange. Bad moments simply outweigh good ones. Whether youre having a one-on-one conversation with a colleague or a group discussion, keep this simple shortcut in mind: At least 80 percent of your conversations should be focused on whats going right.Workplaces, for example, often have this backward. D
9、uring performance reviews, managers routinely spend 80 percent of their time on weaknesses, gaps, and “areas for improvement.” They spend roughly 20 percent of the time on strengths and positive aspects. Any time you have discussions with a person or group, spend the vast majority of the time talkin
10、g about what is working, and use the remaining time to address deficits. successful people at work keep mission at mind STEVE DEBENPORT/ISTOCK2. They keep their mission in mindReminding yourself why you do what you do every day could also make you a lot more productive.Consider what happened when Wh
11、arton School of Business professor Adam Grant first studied the motivation of call center workers who spent their days calling the schools alumni to request donations for future scholarship recipients. Given the jobs degree of difficulty (calling people in the evening and asking them for money) and
12、its high level of turnover, Grant wondered if introducing call center workers to an actual scholarship recipient would provide additional motivation. So Grant and his fellow researchers brought in a scholarship recipient to speak with one group of these workers for a mere five minutes.CONTENT CONTIN
13、UES BELOW ADA month later, the call center workers who had spoken with the scholarship recipient were remarkably more productive. This group made almost twice as many calls per hour. Before the intervention, each caller raised about $400 per week; afterward, each raised about $2,000 per week.Another
14、 example: As part of an experiment, patient photos were included when radiologists reviewed CT or MRI scans. In most cases, radiologists simply looked at scans and did not see or meet the actual patient. However, when a photograph was included, the radiologists admitted feeling more empathy toward t
15、he patient, and they wrote 29 percent longer reports. Most important, when a photo was attached, the radiologists accuracy of diagnosis improved by 46 percent.Other organizations coordinate regular “field trips” so employees who do not typically see the results of their work can make that connection
16、. John Deere invites employees who build tractors to spend time with the farmers who use the companys products. Wells Fargo shows its bankers videos of people describing how low-interest loans saved them from severe debt. Facebook invites software developers to hear from people who made connections with long-lost friends and family members
