新概念第三册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson19、20、21】 【生词和短语】 pioneer n. 先驱 lord n. 对(英国)贵族的尊称;勋爵 Calais n. 加来(法国港市) overland adj. 陆上的 【学问点】 词汇 【pioneer】 例句： 1.Henry Ford was a pioneer in the auto industry. 亨利·福特是汽车工业的先驱 2.If there is ever a core Europe or a pioneer group, Spain will be in it. 假如说欧洲有一个核心或者是先锋集团，那么西班牙将会位列在其中 【overland】 例句： 1.Insurance covers both sea and overland transportation. 保险应包括氺陆两路啲运输。
2.Silk, light and easily rolled up, could travel overland. 丝绸质轻而且简单卷起，能够在陆路运输 Lesson21 【课文】 Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money. Because of this, they were known as ”prizefighters”. However, boxing was very crude, for these were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match. One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules. Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. In this day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike. Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appearence. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debt and died in poverty in 1836. 【课文翻译】 两百年前，拳击竞赛在英国特别盛行。
当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗因此，他们被称作“职业拳击手”不过，拳击是非常野蛮的，由于当时没有任何竞赛规章，职业拳击手有可能在竞赛中受重伤，甚至丧命 拳击最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔.门多萨，他生于1764年1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击竞赛制定了规章，拳击竞赛这才用上了手套虽然门多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳击手，但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大奉献是他把科学引进了这项运动门多萨在的全盛时期深受大家欢送，无论是富人还是穷人都对他祟拜备至 门多萨在14岁时参与一场拳击赛后一举成名这引起当时英国拳坛名将理查德汉弗莱斯的留意他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会事实上，门多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有比赛一番才能解决问题于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场，厮打了一个小时公众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上，但他却输了后来，门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上比赛，门多萨又输了一场直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才最终击败汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军同时，他建立了一所拳击学校，办得很胜利，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。
门多萨挣来大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就多可达 100英镑尽管收入不少，但他挥霍无度，常常债台高筑他在被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败后很快被遗忘他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最终于1836年在贫困中死去 【生词和短语】 boxing n. 拳击 bare adj. 赤*的 prizefighter n. 职业拳击手(尤指古时赤手拳击手) crude adj. 粗野的 marquis n. 侯爵 technically adv. 严格依据法律意义地 science n. 科学 popularity n. 名望 adore v. 崇拜，爱戴 alike adv. 一样地 fame n. 名声 eminent adj. 的，出色的 bitterly adv. 厉害地 bet v. 打赌 academy n. 专业学校 extravagant adj. 铺张的，奢移的 poverty n. 贫困 。