英语单项知识的讲解与练习(107) 英语单项学问的讲解与练习〔107〕531. custom的用法custom习惯、风俗、习俗 例句：①The custom has now become a rule.那种习惯现已变为成规 ②It is my custom to go for a walk before breakfast.早餐前出去散漫步是我的习惯③Custom rules the law.[谚]风俗左右法律④The custom prevails over the whole area.这风俗存在于这整个地区 ⑤Please enter a name for the custom controller.请输入自定义限制器的名称短语：It is the custom with/ of somebody to do something做某事是某人的习惯；abrogate a custom 废除一种风俗习惯；become a custom 成为习惯；break a custom 打破风俗习惯；collect customs 收缴关税；destroy a custom 破坏惯例；develop a custom 发扬一种风俗；establish a custom 养成一种习惯；follow a custom 遵守一种风俗；用法：①custom的根本意思是“风俗,习惯,惯例”,指一个团体或社会长期以来形成的传统,也可指个人的习惯,有单复数形式,用于泛指时多用单数; 表示某种习俗时可加不定冠词a,指各种风俗习惯时也可用复数。
②custom还可作“光临”“顾客”解作“光临”解时指去某商店购物的行为; 作“顾客”解时,指“顾客群”而不指详细某人,不行数,无复数形式③custom作“海关,关税”解时,是复数名词,用作主语修饰另一个名词时仍需运用其复数形式比拟：custom指国家、民族或群体的社会风俗和习惯；habit指人或动物的个体习惯 练习：①It’s the ___ in the country to go out and pick flowers on the first day of spring.A. use B. habit C. custom D. normal②He had much trouble with the ___, as he wanted to escape paying the ___. A. custom; custom B. customs; customs C. custom; customs D. customs; custom ③People generally think that smoking is a bad ___. A. custom B. habit C. behavior D. act ④It was her ___ to go out for a walk after supper. A. custom B. duty C. habit D. responsibility 532. damage的用法damage毁坏、损害。
例句：①The damage to the painting is the work of vandals.毁坏这幅画的事是恣意破坏公物的人干的②Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.他们尽管了解这一切,还是让我赔偿损失③Drinking and smoking can damage your health.饮酒和吸烟会损害你的安康④Be careful not to damage the priceless vase.留神别把那个珍贵的花瓶打碎了短语：cause/ do damage to对……有损害；be badly damaged by 遭遇紧要损害；with damage 有损害；damage from 由…引起的损失；damage from a fire 因火灾而受到的损害；damage from a flood 因水灾而受到的损害；damage to car 汽车损坏；damage to house 房子损坏； 用法：①damage作“损坏,损失”解时,可指物质上的损害,也可指精神上的损害,是不行数名词,其前可加形容词表示程度。
如：The typhoon caused much damage. 其复数形式多指物质上的损害，尤指赔偿损失等支付的费用如：The court decided that the man be awarded 1010 dollar damages.②damage有时也可用作不及物动词,这时主动形式具有被动意义,表示“受到损害; 被损害”,常用来表述自然物的特性③damage的过去分词damaged可用作形容词,在句中作定语 ④damage不行用many修饰,只能用much, great, a lot of, a great deal of等修饰词比拟： damage 指损害人或物，使其失去价值、用途或外表，含有对价值或效果造成的损失如：The crops were badly damaged by thefloods.harm 指物质、精神或肉体上的损害，强调苦痛和损失的影响如：The workers have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machines. injure无论是肉体、心灵上，还是价值、名誉的损失都可用如：He injured an arm in a car accident.ruin强调消灭的彻底性，并且是一次性的行动。
这种消灭或许力气不是很大，但其紧要性却使其不能修复,它强调的是毁坏的长期结果 destroy指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之消灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复，有时用于譬如意义 damage那么指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可以修复 destroy只能用作动词，而ruin和damage既能用作动词又能用作名词 练习：①His house was slightly ___ in this flood.A. ruined B. destroyed C. damaged D. broken ②His selfishness and greediness at last brought him to ___. A. ruins B. ruin C. damage D. damages③His bike was so badly ___ that it couldn’t be repaired at all. A. destroyed B. ruined C. damaged D. damaging ④What happened to the priceless works of art? ___. A. They were destroyed in the earthquakeB. The earthquake was destroying them C. They destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthquake destroyed them⑤A traffic accident happened and a great many people were ___. A. destroyed B. injured C. harmed D. damaged⑥An earthquake struck this area, ______ a lot of damage. A. making B. causing C. done D. caused533. danger的用法danger危急。
反义词safe 例句：①She was on the danger list, but is much better now.她曾一度病危，此时此刻好多了②The operation is a success and now the patient is out of danger.手术胜利了，病人此时此刻已脱离危急③Violent criminals like that are dangers to society.那种暴力罪犯对社会是一种危害④A gun could be regarded as a danger when it's in a criminal's hand.当枪在罪犯手里的时候就成为危急物品了⑤But there is a real danger facing this important ecosystem.但是这个重要的生态系统正面临着紧要威逼短语：be in danger of 有……的危急； make a danger of认为……难办；There is danger that we will be misunderstood我们有被误会的危急；There is danger of his seeing us/ in his seeing us我们很可能被他望见/他望见我们就会有危急；be dangerous to do something做某事有危急；out of danger 脱险；danger from disease 来自疾病的危急；danger of death 死亡的危急；danger to health 对安康有威逼；danger to society 对社会的危急；用法：①泛指“危急”时, danger是不行数名词,指详细的“危急”或“危急物”“可能造成损伤、难过等的人”时,是可数名词。
②danger如有非谓语动词修饰时,后接“of+动名词”,不接动词不定式 比拟：in danger在危急中、境况危急，指某人〔物〕处于危急状态下； dangerous指某人〔物、事〕是“危急的”，即可给他人〔物〕造成或带来危急 练习：①It appeared that Tom was ___ losing his life, but luckily he was ___ in the end. A. in the danger of; out of the danger B. in danger; out of danger C. in danger of; out of danger D. in danger of; out of the danger ②It’s better to keep a little for the night ___ need. A. in danger of B. in face of C. in the way of D. in case of ③Thin ice! ___! A. Danger B. A danger C. Dangers D. The danger ④Jack is now ___ danger. Let’s help him out. A. at B. in C. out of D. with 534. exert 的用法exert vt.尽(力), 施加(压力等), 努力; v.发挥, 全力以赴; 例句：①He exerted all his inf。